Nonyl alcohols

Prepare a Grignard reagent from 24 -5 g. of magnesium turnings, 179 g. (157 ml.) of n-heptyl bromide (Section 111,37), and 300 ml. of di-n-butyl ether (1). Cool the solution to 0° and, with vigorous stirring, add an excess of ethylene oxide. Maintain the temperature at 0° for 1 hour after the ethylene oxide has been introduced, then allow the temperature to rise to 40° and maintain the mixture at this temperature for 1 hour. Finally heat the mixture on a water bath for 2 hours. Decompose the addition product and isolate the alcohol according to the procedure for n-hexyl alcohol (Section 111,18) the addition of benzene is unnecessary. Collect the n-nonyl alcohol at 95-100°/12 mm. The yield is 95 g. 

The octylphenol condensate is used as an additive to lubricating oils and surface-active agents. Other uses of dimer are amination to octylamine and octyldiphenylamine, used in mbber processing hydroformylation to nonyl alcohol for phthalate production and carboxylation via Koch synthesis to yield acids in formulating paint driers (see Drying). 

TRIMETHYL- 428 C9H20O NONYL-ALCOHOL -391.755 8.9463E-01 6.9190E-05 -118.20... 

It yields a diphenyl-urethane, which melts at 99° to 100°, and is very useful for identification purposes. The phenyl-urethane, melting at 80° is less useful for this purpose, since its melting-point is almost identical with those of benzyl and nonyl alcohols. It combines with phthalic acid to form a phthalic acid ester, melting at 188° to 189°. 

Hexylene Glycol Methanoi Methyl Alcohol Methylamyl Alcohol Methylisobutyl Carbinol Octyl Alcohol Nonyl Alcohol Pentadecanol Propyl Alcohol Propylene Glycol Sorbitol... 

Another fairly recent development based on synthesis gas is the oxo process, in which olefins are reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce aldehydes and alcohols. Octyl and nonyl alcohols have been made on a commercial scale since 1948. These long-chain alcohols are used mostly as raw materials for plasticizers. 

This is obtained from the peel of the fruit of Citrus aurantium (var. dulcis) and is a golden-yellow liquid with an odour of oranges and a sweetish, aromatic taste. It contains limonene (about 90%), linalool, terpineol, nonyl alcohol, decyl aldehyde and esterified caprylic acid. If adulterated with bitter orange cal (q.v.), the latter is detectable by determinations of the sp. gr. at 15°, rotatory power and residue on evaporation (see Oil of Lemon) and by fractional distillation. 

Janssens et al. (1992) Batch Transesterification of ethyl acetate and nonyl alcohol Lipozyme IM... 

Before the 19th century, perfumers had at their disposal only natural products of plant and animal origin. Today, perfumers work with about 5,000 materials, most of which are produced synthetically. Among the approximately 100 monohydric alcohols used, all chemical types are represented. Several examples of aliphatic alcohols are shown in Figure 5. Nonyl alcohol and 3-octanol are typical fatty alcohols. These alcohols are often found in natural products but are seldom used because of their weak odor. 

Two earlier studies (Kenar et al., 2005 Knothe et al., 2000) were conducted on the effects of compounds synthesized with hydrocarbon tail-group structures resembling those of FAME with attached bulky moieties. These studies examined novel fatty diesters made from reaction of diols with acids and diacids with 2-octanol in toluene solvent with p-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst and branched-chain esters of carbonic acid (carbonates) synthesized in nonyl alcohol with n-dibutyltin oxide catalyst. None of the synthesized compounds demonstrated effectiveness in decreasing CP or PP of SME. 

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