Source non-point

Examples of semi-quantitative assessments include interpretive maps and informational matrices which could be utilized to relate land-use, topography and erosion or other non-point source problems. Remote sensing imagery from low, intermediate and high altitude are applicable to this approach (29). 

The Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model, developed by Hydrocomp Inc. for the U.S.EPA (2 ). It simulates the hydrology, sediment yield, and nutrient and pesticide behavior of the land phase of the hydrological cycle. The same organizations also developed the Non-Point Source (NPS) Model (3) which handles the washoff of miscellaneous pollutants from land surfaces. 

The non point source flow rate (NPSFL) into the EXAMS pond is 5.1 X 103 kg/hr. 

Calculation (3) of the non point source loading rate (NPSLDG) into the EXAMS pond is then ... 

The non point source loading rates (NPSLDG) for an Eutrophic Lake or an Oligotrophic Lake can be similarly calculated using the Reinert - (3) Approach. 

The EXAMS model was designated for point source pollution examination. However, modification for non point source pollution can be done. 

Pollutant sources, which may include industrial, residential, commercial, both point and non-point sources natural sources may also be included. 

EcoFate EcoFate is a software package for conducting ecosystem based environmental and ecological risk assessments of chemical emissions by point and non-point sources in freshwater and marine aquatic ecosystems, including lakes, rivers and marine inlets... 

In contrast, during the low flow season (June-October) important nutrient loads from both point and non-point sources are relevant. Summer irrigation drives nitrate inputs to stream waters [38], The lower dilution capacity of the river causes higher concentrations of nitrate and DOC, as well as an increase in phosphate content with... 

Hao FH, Zhang XS, Yang ZF (2004) A distributed non-point source pollution model calibration and validation in the Yellow River Basin. J Environ Sci 16(4) 646-650... 

NON-POINT SOURCE WATER QUALITY MONITORING, INYO NATIONAL FOREST, 1975. (1976) (Sponsor U.S. Forest Service)... 

Groundwater contamination by agrochemicals from non-point sources has been well documented in a number of countries [26-28, 30-32], The pesticides that have been detected in regional council groundwater surveys include 2,4-D, Amitrole, Picloram, Simazine and Atrazine [20]. 

When dealing with non-point sources this formula is difficult to apply, because although values of D can be obtained at specific points around the source, it is extremely difficult to measure or estimate values of F which correspond to them. 

In addition to large oil spills, petroleum hydrocarbons are released into the aquatic environments from natural seeps as well as non-point-source urban runoffs. Acute impacts from massive one-time spills are obvious and substantial. The impacts from small spills and chronic releases are the subject of much speculation and continued research. Clearly, these inputs of petroleum hydrocarbons have the potential for significant environmental impacts, but the effects of chronic low-level discharges can be minimized by the net assimilative capacities of many ecosystems, resulting in little detectable environmental harm. 

Non-point-source inputs Pollutants introduced into the ocean from widely dispersed sources, such as stormwater runoff. 

U.S. EPA (2000). National Management Measures to Control Non-Point Pollution from Agriculture. Office of Water, Non-Point Source Control Branch, Draft Report. 

Remedial goals governed by background PAH concentrations offer the advantages of a site-specific cleanup criteria while accounting for natural variability and error associated with the acquisition and analysis of field samples. Such cleanup criteria inherently seem more reasonable because a variety of non-point sources of PAHs in the environment have been scientifically identified (National Research Council, 1983)-... 

Rao, P.S.C., and J.M. Davidson. 1980. Estimation of pesticide retention and transformation parameters required in non-point source pollution models. In M.R. Overcashand and J.M. Davidson, Eds., Environmental Impact of Nonpoint Source Pollution, pp. 23-67. Ann Arbor Sci. Publ., Ann Arbor, MI. 

Skopec, M.R and B.E. Hoyer (1998). Pesticide trends in surface and groundwater in Iowa 1980-1995. 6th National Non-Point Source Monitoring Workshop. September 21-24. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 

Non-point source Transport, uncontrolled/ residential fuel combustion, fires etc. PCDDs/DFs, coPCBs, HCB 2004 KMOE KMOE, 2004c, 2005a... 

By-products Unintentional PCBs and HCB, and PAHs in point and non-point sources PCBs, HCB, PAHs 2004-2006 KMOE MCIE, 1999 KMOE, 2003b KMOE, 2005a... 

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