Agriculture pollution from

Table 8.3—Agricultural pollutants from pesticides, fertilizers, and factory farms (82 chemicals). 

Naden, RS., Old, G.H., Ehot-Laize, C., Granger, S.J., Hawkins, JM.B., Bol, R., and Haygarth, P. (2010). Assessment of natural fluorescence as a tracer of diffuse agriculture pollution from slurry spreading on intensely-farmed grasslands. Water Res., 44, 1701-1712. 

Table 3. Pollution from Urban and Agricultural Runoff...

Kutz FW, Yobs AR, Yang HS, C. 1976. National pesticide monitoring programs. In Lee RE, ed. Air pollution from pesticides and agricultural processes. EL CRC Press, 95-136. 

The Agricultural Runoff Management (ARM) Model, developed by Hydrocomp Inc. for the U.S.EPA (2 ). It simulates the hydrology, sediment yield, and nutrient and pesticide behavior of the land phase of the hydrological cycle. The same organizations also developed the Non-Point Source (NPS) Model (3) which handles the washoff of miscellaneous pollutants from land surfaces. 

Novotny V (1999) Diffuse pollution from agriculture - a worldwide outlook. Water Sci Technol 39(3) 1-13... 

Introduction and setting The purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the sources of heavy metals, especially lead, in soils and plants of the Lower Guadiana River basin and thereby model the potential mobility of lead. Other than direct pollution from mining, the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the environment are by diffuse pollution (Callender, 2004). In agricultural areas this can include lead from the use of pesticides, fertilizers and municipal sludge (Alloway, 1985). Metals can be attached or associated with different mineral phases in the soil, this along with environmental parameters determinesthe availability to plants. 

Lewis RG, Lee RE Jr. 1976. Air pollution from pesticides sources, occurance, and dispersion. In Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes. Ed RE Lee, Jr. CRC Press, Inc. pg 18. 

Kutz FW, Yobs AR, Yang HSC. ]976. National pesticide monitoring program. In . E. Lee Jr., ed. Air Pollution from Pesticides and Agricultural Processes. Cleveland, OH, CRC press. Pp. 95-136. 

Interest in land use planning—with respect to areas to be set aside for agricultural use, as opposed to industrial use—needs to be considered as a potential ameliorating factor in the control of air pollution effects on vegetation. Land use might not be as effective for the oxidant pollutants, because of their ubiquitous nature. Heck and Brandt have developed a brief but acceptable point of view in terms of the need for land use planning and protection of agricultural commodities from air pollution. 

Stewart B.A. Wollhlser, D.A. Wlschmeler, W.H. Caro, J.H. Frere, M.H, "Control of Water Pollution from Cropland Volume I. A Manual for Guideline Development", 1975, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept, of Agriculture, EPA-600/2-75-026a USDA ARS-H-5-1. 

Almost any chemical not arising from natural sources is a pollutant in water. Agricultural wastes from fertilizers and pesticides are the major pollution sources nationally. Fertilizers add nutrients that promote algae growth whose decay can cause the lake or river to become anaerobic through the overall reactions... 

U.S. EPA (2000). National Management Measures to Control Non-Point Pollution from Agriculture. Office of Water, Non-Point Source Control Branch, Draft Report. 

Nitrification is a vital step in the process of biological elimination of nitrogen in sewage plants. The consortium of microorganisms involved in this process is usually very sensitive to many pollutants from different industrial and agricultural sources. The rapid detection of such pollutants is essential for processing of sewage. 

The most important industrial alkalis are the weak alkali ammonia (Section 9.3), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), and lime (calcium oxide).1-6 For many industrial and agricultural purposes, the most economical source of alkali is lime, which is used in steelmaking and other metallurgical operations ( 45% of U.S. production of lime), in control of air pollution from smokestack gases (Chapter 8), in water and sewage treatment (Sections 9.6 and 14.5), in pulp and paper production (Section 10.4), in reduction of soil acidity, in cement and concrete manufacture (indirectly, as discussed later), and in many chemical processes such as paper making (Section 10.4). In short, lime is one of the most important of all chemical commodities. 

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