Nitrous oxide, oxidation with

A flame, where the solution of the sample is aspirated. Typically, in FAAS the liquid sample is first converted into a fine spray or mist (this step is called nebulisation). Then, the spray reaches the atomiser (flame) where desolvation, volatilisation and dissociation take place to produce gaseous free atoms. Most common flames are composed of acetylene-air, with a temperature of 2100-2400 °C, and acetylene-nitrous oxide, with a temperature of 2600-2900 °C. 

Hydrazoic acid is formed (I) by reaction of sodium nitrate with molten sodamide, (2) by reaction of nitrous oxide with molten sodamide, (3) by reaction of nitrous acid and hydrazinium ion (N2H51), (4) by oxidation of hydraz.mium sails. (5) by reaction of ethyl nitrite with NaOH solution and acidifying. See also Azides... 

M. Trautz and O. Emert, F. Braun, A. Leduc, and P. Sacerdote discussed the application of the partial press, law to mixtures of nitrous oxide with carbon dioxide, etc. R. Gans, and E. Bruche discussed the structure of the molecule of the gas. 

Thus, the gas-phase oxidation of nitrogen with hydrogen peroxide is rather complicated and consists of primary nitrous oxide formation (up to 20%). When nitrous oxide with the... 

B8. Banks, R. G. S., Henderson, R. J., and Pratt, J. M., Reaction of gases in solution. Part III. Some reactions of nitrous oxide with transition-metal complexes. J. Chem. Soc. (A) 2886-2889 (1968). 

The compound hydrazoic acid, HN3, is 98-percent nitrogen. In the pure state it is, as expected, explosive but it can be studied in aqueous solution. Numerous salts and organic derivatives (both called azides) have been made. The sodium salt can be prepared by reaction of nitrous oxide with the strong base sodamide. Under the anhydrous conditions used for the reaction, the adduct (or perhaps its tautomer) loses water to form the azide ion as shown ... 

Nitrous Oxide. With N2, attention is turned to those molecules which undergo chemical reaction with O ( D2). Specifically, it is the formation of NO in... 

Fishbume and Edse have investigated the reaction of nitrous oxide with oxygen... 

OH radicals can be generated from a number of different precursors. In one of their studies Tully et al. [7] used an indirect method, first producing excited oxygen (0( D)) atoms from the photolysis of nitrous oxide with 193 nm photons from a nanosecond pulse from an excimer laser... 

Dosage and administration. For the maintenance of anaesthesia, nitrous oxide must always be mixed with at least 30% oxygen. For analgesia, a concentration of 50% nitrous oxide with 50% oxygen usually suffices. 

The technique of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry accomplishes this by aspirating the sample solution into a burner chamber, where it is mixed with a fuel gas and an oxidant gas. The mixture is then burned in a specially designed burner head (Fig. 2). The light beam is directed lengthway down the burner, and the absorption of the analyte atoms in the flame is measured. The most commonly used gas mixtures are air with acetylene and nitrous oxide with acetylene. Experimental conditions are well-defined in the literature, and cookbook conditions are available from most instrument manufacturers. In addition, many instruments are computer-controlled, and typical conditions are available directly on the operating screen. 

Testa M, Raffe M R, Robinson E P 1990 Evaluation of 25%, 50%, and 67% nitrous oxide with halothane-oxygen for general anesthesia in horses. Veterinary Surgery 19 308-312... 

The reaction of ammonium carbonate with nitrous oxide, with temperature control to prevent the decomposition of the nitrite formed, yields ammonium nitrite ... 

There is another class of aerosols, known as single phase aerosols, in which the propellant is a compressed inert gas, for example carbon dioxide, nitrogen and nitrous oxide. With this type of pack a high pressure is used initially (90-150 lb/in2) since the internal pressure diminishes as the container is emptied. A single phase aerosol is more acceptable as a foam dispenser for toothpaste and hand cream than a spray pack, but if used inverted all the gas will be released quickly (unless it is specifically designed to be used inverted) and the product will remain with no means of dispensing it. 

The Reaction of Nitrous Oxide with Excited Molecules in the Radiolysis and Photolysis of Liquid Alkanes... 

Nitrous oxide has been used extensively in radiation chemical studies (I, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23) to assess the importance of ionic processes. The reaction of nitrous oxide with the electron results in the formation of nitrogen, Reaction 1. 

There are several possible explanations which need to be considered for the formation of N2 in the photolysis of cyclohexane-nitrous oxide solutions. These include direct absorption of vacuum ultraviolet light by nitrous oxide, photoionization of the solvent followed by electron attachment by nitrous oxide, and reaction of nitrous oxide with either excited cyclohexene or excited cyclohexane molecules. Of these possibilities only the last explanation—reaction of excited cyclohexane molecules with nitrous oxide—is important. 

Radiolysis. The photochemical experiments suggest that in the radiolysis a reaction of nitrous oxide with excited molecules would be expected in cyclohexane but should be less important in 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. The radiolysis results (Figure 3 and Table III) show that at nitrous concentrations less than 10 mM, where reactions of excited molecules are unimportant, G(N2) is the same for cyclohexane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane solutions. At concentrations of nitrous oxide from 20 to 160 mM, G(No) from cyclohexane solutions is greater than G(N2) from 2,2,4-trimethylpentane solutions, and the excess yield increases with the concentration of nitrous oxide. [The nitrogen yields reported here for the concentration range 5-200 mM are in good agreement with those reported by Sherman (20)] Nitrous oxide reduces G(H2) from cyclohexane (16, 17, 18, 20, and Table III), but it has little effect on G(H2) and G(CH4) from 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. 

X-ray Induced Hydroxylation of Benzoic Acid. It is well known that irradiation of benzoic acid in dilute solutions gives rise to decarboxylation as well as to hydroxylation in the ortho- meta- and para-positions (10, 27). From these investigations it follows that radiation induced formation of hydroxybenzoic acids in neutral aqueous solutions accounts for about 50% of the total degradation. In order to shed more light on the ability of N20 to convert hydrated electrons into oxidizing radicals, it was decided to compare the effect of nitrous oxide with that of hydrogen peroxide under anoxic conditions. If Reaction 1 and 2 occur rapidly, the effect of nitrous oxide would be expected to be similar to that of hydrogen peroxide, except that the latter compound may also convert H atoms into OH radicals. 

Effects of 02, N20, and NO f. It would have been of interest to have compared the effect of nitrous oxide with that of hydrogen peroxide in the AA system. This was, however, difficult to do because AA was easily oxidized by H202, even in the dark. The effect of NoO was therefore compared with those of oxygen and nitrate, which also are excellent scavengers of e aq (5, 12, 22). 

Clutton-Brock, J. (1967). Two cases of poisoning by contamination of nitrous oxide with the higher oxides of nitrogen during anaesthesia. Br.. Anaesth. 39, 388-392. 

Items 8-9 A 20-year-old male patient scheduled for hernia surgery was anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide, with tubocurarine provided for skeletal muscle relaxation. The patient rapidly developed tachycardia and became hypertensive. Generalized skeletal muscle rigidity was accompanied by marked hyperthermia. Laboratory values revealed hyperkalemia and acidosis. 

For nitrous oxide with acetylene or hydrogen. Required for refractory elements. Can also be used with air, for non-refractory elements. Somewhat more difficult to clean than other heads... 

CF2 CF2 < CF2 CF-CH CHMe < CF2 CF CH CH2 < CF2 CF-CF CF2 Approximate Arrhenius parameters have been obtained for the reaction of oxygen atoms ( F), from the mercury-sensitized decomposition of nitrous oxide, with the fluoroethylenes at two temperatures (25 and 150 °C) using the olefin CH2 C(CFs)Me as reference compound. All the fluoroethylenes appear less reactive than ethylene again with the exception of tetrafluoroethylene, reactivity being least for cis-l,2-di-fluoroethylene. The differences appear largely due to differences in activation energy, and the anomalous reactivity of tetrafluoroethylene is noteworthy. 

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