Oxidation with carbon dioxide

Ethylene glycol can be manufactured by the reaction of ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide to form ethylene carbonate (eq. 17) which can be hydroly2ed to ethylene glycol (eq. 18). 

In an extension, we recently reported the formation of cyclic carbonates respectively from epichlorohydrin (Scheme 2.13) and styrene oxide, with carbon dioxide under catalysis by KI in the presence of a crown ether [48],... 

Cadmium carbonate also may be obtained by slow absorption of cadmium oxide with carbon dioxide. 

Heating the oxide with carbon dioxide yields magnesium carbonate,... 

Ring metallation generally succeeds with /V-oxides. a-Lithio derivatives (348) can be generated in non-protic conditions by treating pyridine 1-oxides with n-butyllithium. These may be intercepted by various electrophiles such as cyclohexanone (Scheme 35). Reaction of substituted lithio /V-oxides with carbon dioxide gives carboxylic acids with elementary 02 and S8 (347, X = 0, S) are produced. 

M. Trautz and O. Emert, F. Braun, A. Leduc, and P. Sacerdote discussed the application of the partial press, law to mixtures of nitrous oxide with carbon dioxide, etc. R. Gans, and E. Bruche discussed the structure of the molecule of the gas. 

Derivation (1) Finely ground ore is roasted with sulfuric acid at 250C, lithium sulfate is leached from the mass and converted to the carbonate by precipitation with soda ash. (2) Reaction of lithium oxide with carbon dioxide or ammonium carbonate solution. 

An example of reactions in this category is the combination of calcium oxide with carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate ... 

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of barium oxide with carbon dioxide to yield barium carbonate. 

The PS-TBD catalyst has been shown to be effective for epoxide ring opening reactions with several nucleophiles such as thiols under solvent free conditions [37,78] (Scheme 6.21). In this case, the reusabihty of the catalyst was also established without a significant loss of reactivity and selectivity. As a related work, the utility of mesoporous silica-supported TBD catalysts was demonstrated in the reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide to prepare the corresponding carbonate derivative under the ultrasonic activation [79]. 

Mess D, Sarofim AF, LongweU JP (1999) Product layer diffusion during the reaction of calcium oxide with carbon dioxide. Energy Fuels 13 999-1005... 

Figure 6.5 Alternating Copol)mierization Limonene oxide with Carbon dioxide (12)...

Sterilizing. Mixtures of ethylene oxide, such as 12 percent with halocarbon-12, or 10 percent to 20 percent ethylene oxide with carbon dioxide, are commonly used in sterilization. Such mixtures require registration with the EPA. 

Scheme 15.67 Copper-catalysed reaction of propylene oxide with carbon dioxide.

Topographical features, before and after oxidation with carbon dioxide, are as seen in Figures 5.28 and 5.29. When nickel is present in the PFA carbon (Ni C = 1 4500 atomic ratio) then oxidation with carbon dioxide at 873 K produced extensive isolated (non-uniform) pits (20 xm in diameter) as illustrated in Figure 5.28. When copper is present in the PFA carbon (Cu C = 1 4500 atomic ratio) then oxidation with carbon dioxide at 893 K to 9 wt% bum-off produced selective (non-uniform) pitting as illustrated in Figure 5.29. 

Darensbourg DJ, Yarbrough JC, Ortiz C, Fang CC (2003) Comparative kinetic studies of the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide with carbon dioxide in the presence of chromium salen derivatives. In situ FTIR measurements of copolymer vs cyclic carbonate production. J Am Chem Soc 125 7586-7591... 

Recently, new high-molecular-weight poly(alkylene carbonates) formed by reaction of either ethylene or propylene oxide with carbon dioxide were introduced to the marketplace (136). 

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