Nitrogen-free extract

Presumes a metabolizable energy density of 16.74 kJ/g of dry matter based on the modified Atwater values of 14.64, 35.56, and 14.64 kJ/g for protein, fat, and carbohydrate (nitrogen-free extract, NEE), respectively. Rations greater than 18.83 kJ/g should be corrected for energy density rations less than 16.74 kJ/g should not be corrected for energy. To convert kj to kcal, divide by 4.184. 

Whole leaf protein concentrate, 16.5% nitrogen-free extract and 7.9% soluble soHds. 

Ref. 29. Estimated by difference 100 — (protein + oil + ash + crude fiber) = nitrogen-free extract. 

Other extraction procedures are used for determining (i) oils, fats and waxes (ii) fibre, lignin, cellulose, nitrogen-free extract and starch (iii) in vitro... 

Fibre, lignin, cellulose, nitrogen-free extract and starch... 

Nitrogen-free extract. This comprises the digestible carbohydrates, i.e. starch and sugars. 

Feeding Stuff Water Ash Protein Crude Fiber Nitrogen Free Extract Ether Extract... 

The carbohydrate concentration in whole SB is lower than in SBM, due to the concentrating effect of lipid extraction on the latter. Whole SB contain approximately 27% nitrogen free extract (NFE) and 6% crude fiber (CF) on a dry matter basis (DMB), whereas SBM with or without hulls contains 36% NFE and 8% CF or 34% NFE and 4% CF, respectively (Potter Potchanakorn, 1984). Although NFE (plus CF) is not commonly used today because of the limited information it provides on carbohydrates from a nutritional standpoint, it provides a reasonable indication of the gross carbohydrate content of a feed- or foodstuff. The NFE contains the nonstructural carbohydrates and part of the structural carbohydrates, and CF contains part of the structural carbohydrates. 

This system of analysis divides the food into six fractions moisture, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives. 

The carbohydrate of the food is contained in two fractions, the crude fibre (CF) and the nitrogen-free extractives (NFE).The former is determined by subjecting the residual food from ether extraction to successive treatments with boiling acid and alkali of defined concentration the organic residue is the crude fibre. 

When the smn of the amounts of moistrue, ash, crude protein, ether extract and crude fibre (expressed in g/kg) is subtracted from 1000, the difference is designated the nitrogen-free extractives. The nitrogen-free extractives fraction is a heterogeneous mixture of all those components not determined in the other fractions. The crude fibre fraction contains cellulose, hgnin and hemiceUuloses, but not necessarily the whole... 

In recent years the proximate analysis procedure has been severely criticised by many nutritionists as being archaic and imprecise, and in the majority of laboratories it has been partially replaced by other analytical procedures. Most criticism has been focused on the crude fibre, ash and nitrogen-free extractives fractions for the reasons described above. The newer methods have been developed to characterise foods in terms of the methods used to express nutrient requirements. In this way, an attempt is made to use the analytical techniques to quantify the potential supply of nutrients from the food. For example, for ruminants, analytical methods are being developed that describe the supply of nutrients for the rumen microbes and the host digestive enzyme system (Fig. 1.1). 

Saura-Calixto F, Jaime C, Lourdes S (1982) Dietary fiber and components of the nitrogen-free extract of almond kernels. J Sci Food Agric 34 1419-1422 SawardekerJS, Sloneker JH (1965) Quantitative determination of monosaccharides by gas-liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 37 945-947... 

Nitrogen-free extract consists of material which is not protein, fat, fiber (including cellulose) or ash (mineral nutrients). Thus starch, free sugars and dextrins are the usual components. Based on Crocker and Barton, 1957 [2] and Winton and Winton, 1932 [74]... 

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF COTTONSEED. Typically, cottonseed is comprised of about 10% linters, 35% hull, and 55% kernels (meats). The kernels, from which food and feed are obtained, contain about 7% moisture, 30% oil, 30% crude protein, 24% nitrogen-free extract, 4.8% crude fiber, and 4.4% tish. 

The cellulosic shell comprises about 20-30% of the weight of the mature peanut. The proximate composition of peanut shells has been reported on a moisture-free basis, as follows protein, 5-7.3% ether extract, 1.2-2.1% crude fiber, 66-80% nitrogen-free extract, 10.6-21.2% ash, 3-4.6%. The presence of reducing sugars, 0.6%, disaccharide sugars, 1.7%, starch, 0.7%, and pentosans, 18%, has also been reported (26-27, 84,92,100,187). 

The main constituent of cereals is the starch that forms part of the nitrogen-free extract (NFE ) of the proximate analysis (Table 3.1). This fraction also includes... 

The nitrogen-free extract comprises nonfibrous soluble carbohydrates (starch, monosaccharides, and disaccharides). In the proximate analysis, the NFE is calculated by difference (NFE = 100 — % moisture — % crude protein — % fat or ether extract — % crude fiber — % ash). 

Nitrogen-free extract. Indicates the amount of nonfibrous carbohydrates. 

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