Nitrogen-based organic hydrocarbons

Hydrolysis using aqueous alkaH has been found to remove ash material including pyrite. A small pilot plant for studying this process was built at the BatteUe Memorial Institute in Columbus, Ohio (74) and subsequentiy discontinued. Other studies have produced a variety of gases and organic compounds such as phenols, nitrogen bases, Hquid hydrocarbons, and fatty acids totaling as much as 13 wt % of the coal. The products indicate that oxidation and other reactions as weU as hydrolysis take place. 

Aliphatic azo compounds of the type R— N=NH decompose readily into nitrogen and a hydrocarbon. In organic solvents this i decomposition occurs by both a base-catalyzed anionic elimination reaction and a homolytic reaction... 

Weiss [1963] has summarized the very extensive work of himself and his collaborators (Weiss and Hofmann [1951], Weiss et al. [1956, 1956a], Weiss [1958], Weiss et al. [1959]) on alkylammonium-vermiculite complexes. They find that the complexes are formed in simple stoichiometric proportions. Some estimate of the charge density of the silicate layers can be made from X-ray diffraction measurements of the interlayer distance of the pure n-alkyl-ammonium derivatives. Comparison is made with a variety of other minerals (silicates vanadates, phosphates, uranyl salts), which form similar organic complexes. Measurements have been made of the extra swelling produced when alkylammonium-silicates are treated with various liquids, viz., water and aqueous electrolyte solutions, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, nitrocompounds, phenols, nitrogen bases, esters, ethers, ketones, halogen compounds, and hydrocarbons. 

There are a total of eighteen different hydrocarbon series, of which the most common constituents of crude oil have been presented - the alkanes, cycloalkanes, and the arenes. The more recent classifications of hydrocarbons are based on a division of the hydrocarbons in three main groups alkanes, naphthanes and aromatics, along with the organic compounds containing the non-hydrocarbon atoms of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen. 

Most of the inhibitors in use are organic nitrogen compounds and these have been classified by Bregman as (a) aliphatic fatty acid derivatives, b) imidazolines, (c) quaternaries, (d) rosin derivatives (complex amine mixtures based on abietic acid) all of these will tend to have long-chain hydrocarbons, e.g. CigH, as part of the structure, (e) petroleum sulphonic acid salts of long-chain diamines (preferred to the diamines), (/) other salts of diamines and (g) fatty amides of aliphatic diamines. Actual compounds in use in classes (a) to d) include oleic and naphthenic acid salts of n-tallowpropylenediamine diamines RNH(CH2) NH2 in which R is a carbon chain of 8-22 atoms and x = 2-10 and reaction products of diamines with acids from the partial oxidation of liquid hydrocarbons. Attention has also been drawn to polyethoxylated compounds in which the water solubility can be controlled by the amount of ethylene oxide added to the molecule. 

---