Nicotinic acid niacin, vitamin

Oral 10, 20, 40 mg tablets extended release (Altoprev) 10, 20, 40, 60 mg Niacin, nicotinic acid, vitamin B3 (generic, others)... 

The vitamins niacin (nicotinic acid, and its amide niacin amide are... 

The infrared technique has been described in numerous publications and recent reviews were published by Davies and Giangiacomo (2000), Ismail et al. (1997) and Wetzel (1998). Very few applications have been described for analysis of additives in food products. One interesting application is for controlling vitamin concentrations in vitamin premixes used for fortification of food products by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) (Wojciechowski et al., 1998). Four vitamins were analysed - Bi (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (vitamin B6 compounds) and Niacin (nicotinic acid) - in about 10 minutes. The partial least squares technique was used for calibration of the equipment. The precision of measurements was in the range 4-8%, similar to those obtained for the four vitamins by the reference HPLC method. 

Pharmacology Niacinamide is synonymous with nicotinamide, 3-pyridine carboxamide, and nicotinic acid amide. Niacinamide is the amide of nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3). Although nicotinic acid and nicotinamide function identically as vitamins, their pharmacologic effects differ. Nicotinamide does not have the hypolipidemic or vasodilating effects characteristic of niacin (nicotinic acid). 

Niacin (nicotinic acid, nicotinamide) has the active forms NAD and NADPH. It functions in electron transfer. A deficiency of niacin causes pellagra, which is characterized by der matitis, diarrhea, and dementia. There is no known toxicity for this vitamin. High doses of niacin are used to treat hyperlipidemia. 

The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid) is converted to NAD through the intermediate, desamido NAD. 

Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, members of the vitamin B group and used as additives for flour and bread enrichment, and as animal feed additive among other applications, are made to the extent of 24 million pounds (nearly 11 million kilograms) per year throughout the world. Nicotinic acid (pyridine-3-caiboxylic acid), also called niacin, has many uses. See also Niacin. Nicotinic acid is made by the oxidation of 3-picolme or 2-mcthyl-5-cthylpyridine (the isocinchomcnc acid produced is partially deearboxylated). Alternatively, quinoline (the intermediate quinolinic acid) is partially deearboxylated with sulfuric add in the presence of selenium dioxide at about 300° C or with nitric acid, or by electrochemical oxidation. Nicotinic acid also can be made from 3-picoline by catalytic ammoxidation to 3-cyanopyridine, followed by hydrolysis. 

It is clear from Equation (19.4) that saturated fat, not cholesterol, is the single most important factor that raises serum cholesterol. Some cases of hyperlipoproteinemia type IV (high VLDL) respond to low-carbohydrate diets, because the excess of VLDL comes from intestinal cells, where it is produced from dietary carbohydrate. Resins, such as cholestyramine and cholestipol, bind and cause the excretion of bile salts, forcing the organism to use more cholesterol. Lovastatin decreases endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis (see later), and niacin (nicotinic acid) apparently decreases the production of VLDL and, consequently, LDL. It also results in an HDL increase. Antioxidants that inhibit the conversion of LDL to oxidized LDL have also been used with some success. These are high doses of vitamin E and the drug probucol. 

The vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid, C6H5N02) can be isolated from a variety of natural sources such as liver, yeast, milk, and whole grain. It also can be synthesized from commercially available materials. From a nutritional point of view, which source of nicotinic acid is best for use in a multivitamin tablet Why ... 

Niacin (=nicotinic acid). Just in case you re not convinced that vitamins are everywhere, niacin is part of the NADH and NADPH molecules and thus is vital to numerous reactions in Biocheraistryland. Niacin can be produced from the essential amino acid tryptophan (1-7). 

Vitamin B5 Niacin (= nicotinic acid) and niacinamide (= nicotinamide) are supplied in the diet and converted in the body into the coenzymes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). These coenzymes are important in tissue respiration. Nicotinic acid can also be formed from tryptophan via kynolin acid. 

Niacin or nicotinic acid (Vitamin B5) Meat, liver, cereals, legumes Pellagra. Dermatitis when exposed to sunlight, weakness, insomnia, impaired digestion, diarrhea, dementia, irritability, memory loss, headaches. 

Niacin (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) is also known as vitamin B3. Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide can serve as the dietary source of vitamin B3. 

Niacin, U5P. Niacin, nicotinic acid, 3-pyridine carboxylic acid, vitamin Bi. iK-curs as white crystals or as a cry.stal-linc powder. It is odorless or may have a slight odor. One gram of nicotinic acid dissolves in 60 mL of water. It is freely soluble in boiling water, boiling alcohol, and solutions of alkali hydroxides and carbonates but is almost insoluble in ether. A % aqueous solution has a pH of 6. Nicotinic acid has a pK of 4.85. Nicotinic acid is stable under normal. storage conditions. It sublimes without decomposition. 

The nicotinamide ring of NAD+ is derived from the vitamin niacin (nicotinic acid). It is also produced to a limited extent from the amino acid tryptophan. 

Niacin (nicotinic acid pyridine-3-carboxylic acid) and nicotinamide are precursors of NAD+ and NADP+ (Figure 38-19). Niacin occurs in meat, eggs, yeast, and whole-grain cereals in conjunction with other members of the vitamin B group. Little is known about absorption, transport, and excretion of niacin and its coenzyme forms. A limited amount of niacin can be synthesized in the body from tryptophan, but it is not adequate to meet metabolic needs. 

The answer is e. (Murray, pp 627-661. Sciiver, pp 3897-3964. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287-320.) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is found in fresh fruits and vegetables. Deficiency of ascorbic acid produces scurvy, the sailor s disease. Ascorbic acid is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline in collagen, a process required in the formation and maintenance of connective tissue. The failure of mesenchymal cells to form collagen causes the skeletal, dental, and connective tissue deterioration seen in scurvy. Thiamine, niacin, cobalamin, and pantothenic acid can all be obtained from fish or meat products. The nomenclature of vitamins began by classifying fat-soluble vitamins as A (followed by subsequent letters of the alphabet such as D, E, and K) and water-soluble vitamins as B. Components of the B vitamin fraction were then given subscripts, e.g., thiamine (Bi), riboflavin (B2), niacin [nicotinic acid (B3)], panthothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (Bg), and cobalamin (B ). The water-soluble vitamins C, biotin, and folic acid do not follow the B nomenclature. 

Bi) is converted to thiamine pyrophosphate simply by the addition of pyrophosphate. It is involved in aldehyde group transfer. Niacin (nicotinic acid) is esterified to adenine dinucleotide and its two phosphates to form nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Pyridoxine (vitamin B ) is converted to either pyridoxal phosphate or pyridoxamine phosphate before complexing with enzymes. Riboflavin becomes flavin mononucleotide by obtaining one phosphate (riboflavin 5 -phosphate). If it complexes with adenine dinucleotide via a pyrophosphate ester linkage, it becomes flavin adenine dinucleotide. 

Other B vitamins effected are Niacin (nicotinic acid), pantothenic acid, B 2 (cobalamin) and B2 (Riboflavin). Niacin in massive doses is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. A deficiency of this vitamin (also known as B can result in many of the same neurological problems asB0. Pantothenic acid in conjunction with other vitamins aids in many enzymic duties. Deficiencies in Bio lead to easy fatigue, and a thousand other related problems. The last, riboflavin, is affected quite differently. Ethanol seems to cause the body to hoard tfiis vitamin the exchange hardly seems fair, though. 

Niacin, a B-complex vitamin, is used in the treatment of pellagra, peripheral vascular disease, and circulatory disorders, and as an adjunctive treatment of hyperlipidemias, especially those associated with hypercholesterolemia. Niacin, nicotinic acid (pyridine-3-carboxylic acid), is one of the oldest drugs used to treat dyslipidemia and favorably affects virtually all lipid parameters. 

Niacin, nicotinic acid favorably affects virtually all lipid parameters. Niacin is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin that functions as a vitamin only after its conversion to NAD or NADP, in which it occurs as an amide. Both niacin and its amide may be given orally for its functions as a vitamin but only niacin affects lipid levels. The hypolipidemic effects of niacin require larger doses than are... 

In 1955, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3, niacin) moved into the focus of research as a drug to lower cholesterol levels. The Canadian psychiatrist Abram Hoffer (1917-2009) had achieved good results with nicotinic acid in the treatment of schixophrenic patients. [369]... 

Many of the water-soluble vitamins are the precursors of coenzymes. Niacin (nicotinic acid) is a precursor of NAD, for example. Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A. 

Over 40 kinds of alkaloids from tobacco have been isolated and identified. The major alkaloids from tobacco are nicotine, cotinine, nornicotine, myosmine, nicotyrine, anabasine, and anatabine. The nicotine content is highest of most of the alkaloids and nicotine (Figure 8.3) has insecticidal, detoxifying, and refreshing activities. Nicotine is also commonly used to synthesize niacin and niacinamide (key intermediates). Niacinamide (Figure 8.3) is the amide of nicotinic acid (vitamin B3/niacin), a water-soluble... 

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