New products, demand

The authors show that the problem can be transformed to a finite number of single variable optimization problems. Moreover, for some general new product demand distributions, including the set of log-concave distribution, example of which are Normal, Log-Normal, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, etc., the single variable functions to be optimized have only two possible roots each. They also show that besides the expected profit, both the price and production quantity of new products are higher when it is offered as a substitute. 

Reconciliation review (Step 4) Issues would have been identified in previous reviews of new products, demand and supply. The reconciliation step goes beyond the balancing of numbers to assess the business advantage and risk for each area of conflict. This review looks at issues from the business point of view rather than departmental objectives. This is also known as the pre-S OP Review and its aim is to minimize issues for the final S OP stage. 

Hands-on workshops on model building using back-blending procedure (Section 2.11) and investigating new product profiles with new product demands (Section 2.12)... 

Workshop 2.2 - Investigate Changes in Product Profiles with New Product Demands I 111... 

The food producing industry has responded to consumer demand for foods with lower fat content (Table 1). Foods with low or no cholesterol claims leaped 78% from 1980 to 1990, in spite of the fact that many of the principal food producers reduced the amount of new product introductions during 1989 and 1990 (7). Table 2 indicates the change in the market for various food industry segments, especially those suspected as fat problem generators, including dairy and meat foods. Many low fat and low cholesterol foods were created by a dding claims to food that have always been low in fat and/or cholesterol. 

Example 6 Calculation of Probability of Meeting a Sales Demand A store that is open 5 days a week is to promote a new product. The manager heheves that not more than 5 units will he sold in any one day, hut he cannot he more precise about the probable sales pattern. Stocks are dehvered once per week. What size should the first order he to give a 95 percent certainty of meeting demand ... 

Significant advances in the synthesis, design and fundamental understanding of these viscoelastic materials have fueled the tremendous growth of the PSA product industry and opened up a variety of often demanding new product applications. There is every reason to believe this growth will continue since these products provide convenience and versatility for both the industrial and consumer market. 

Layout planners normally have to consider that activities within the site may change in the future. The changes may be the result of increased product demand or the introduction of new product lines. They may be predicted from the model designed in Section 7.5.2 or allowance for unpredictable changes may be needed. 

After a short introduction to the company and its products, the specification should describe in some detail the reasons why a new layout is needed. This will vary from the introduction of, or change to, new products, the establishment of a new factory or the need to explore the changing future demands on an existing site because of changing technology or market forces and opportunities. (Contracts are described in detail in Chapter 8.)... 

The mature plastics industry is a worldwide, multibillion-dollar industry in which a steady flow of new or improved plastic materials, new or improved production processes, and new or improved market demands has caused rapid and tremendous growth in the use of plastics. For over a century the World of Plastics product production, with over a billion products, continues to expand enormously with the passing of time. Manufacturers are introducing new products in record time. The ability to shrink time-to-market schedules continues to evolve through the more knowledgeable application and behavior or familiarity of the different plastic ma-... 

Continued development in the IM process is due to its worldwide large sales of IM equipment that are required to meet new processing demands. Equipment involved is approximately 4.5 billion/yr. (USA 1.35 billion/yr) with estimates at 30% in machines, 60% in molds, 6% in robots, and 4% in hot runners. Marketwise 55 % are technical products (electronic, mechanical, medical, etc.), 20% automotive, 10% packaging, and 15% others. Worldwide approximately 180 billion/yr. sales exist for IM products (2, 3). 

A major force behind this evolntion will be the explosion of new products and materials that will enter the market dnring the next two decades. Whether from the biotechnology industry, the electronics industry, or the high-performance materials indnstry, these products will be critically dependent on structure and design at the molecular level for their usefulness. They will require manufacturing processes that can precisely control their chemical composition and stracture. These demands will create new opportunities for chemical engineers, both in product design and in process irmovation. 

In order to support and meet this demand an all-around development has taken place on the material front. Increasing automobile manufacmrers requirements and ever-growing customer expectations have resulted in the evolution of new product technology. As a consequence, mn-flat tire, closed cellular polyurethane (PU) tire, tweel tire, and active wheel system have become a reality on the road today and indicate a big change in the years to come. The manufacturing technology... 

Many academic texts are available to teach chemists the fundamental tools of their trade, but few books are designed to give future industrial research and development chemists the knowledge they need to contribute, with confidence and relevance, to the development of new environmentally benign chemical technology. This book aims to be a handbook for those chemists attempting to develop new processes and products for the twenty-first century, which meet the evermore stringent demands of a society that wants new products with improved performance, and with a lower financial and environmental price tag. 

It is always expensive for the farmer to change what he produces, because he then has to invest in new machinery or livestock or convert buildings, but new options have to be considered as product demand and supply alters. Unfortunately for the farmer, these changes are rarely predicted and altering an enterprise takes years rather than months. 

New production capacity to meet growing sales demand, and the sale of established processes by contractors. Repetition of existing designs, with only minor design changes. 

In time, however, some of these scientific discoveries—even those that in their day made major reforms—produced their own set of difficulties. In each case where this occurred, the burden of identifying and solving the problem fell to science. Consumers clamored for new products, but they also demanded that governments and industry protect the air, water, soils, plants, and animals endangered by human-made chemicals. As pollutants became increasingly subtle and harder to detect, scientists became leaders in identifying harmful substances, in some cases before the public was even aware of their existence, much less their potential harm. In these stories, advances in science have both created new and needed products and dealt with pollution from the past. 

As noted in Chapter 1, the priorities in batch processes are often quite different from those in large-scale continuous processes. Particularly when manufacturing specialty chemicals, the shortest time possible to get a new product to market is often the biggest priority (accepting that the product must meet the specifications and regulations demanded and the process must meet the required safety and environmental standards). This is particularly true if the product is protected by patent. The period over which the product is protected by patent must be exploited to its full. This means that product development, testing, pilot plant work, process design and construction should be fast tracked and carried out as much as possible in parallel. 

The whole potential of new materials systems [4—6], whether they might be manufactured of a single compound or be a composite, can only be evaluated, if the microscopic details down to the molecular or atomic level are fully understood. This is absolutely mandatory, if the development of new products is to be successful and in keeping up with today s demands. 

The behaviour of the company will consist in applying price increases to products with a faster-growing and more inelastic demand (new products) and price cuts to products with a decreasing and more elastic demand owing to increasing competition or obsolescence. 

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