Network, antioxidative

Kondo, N., Nakamura, H., Masutani, H., and Yodoi, 1. 2006. Redox regulation of human thioredoxin network. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 8 1881-1890. 

N. Haramaki, D.B. Stewart, S. Aggarwal, H. Ikeda, A.Z. Reznick and L. Packer, Networking antioxidants in the isolated rat heart are selectively depleted by ischemia-reperfusion, Free Radic Bio Med 25(3), 329-339(1998). 

The body maintains an antioxidant network consisting of vitamins A, C, and E, antioxidant enzymes, and a group of related compounds called coenzyme Q, for which the general formula is shown below. The n represents the number of times that a particular group is repeated it can be 6, 8, or 10. Antioxidants are molecules that are easily oxidized, so they react readily with radicals before the radicals can react with other compounds in the body. Many common foods, such as green leafy vegetables, orange juice, and chocolate, contain antioxidants, as do coffee and tea. 

In relation to consumer uses of possible concern for this CICAD, data from the Women s Environmental Network indicate that butyltin stabilizers have been detected in the non-woven polypropylene topsheet of babies nappies (diapers). It is possible that this could relate to the last of the three key uses described above, in that the topsheet could be of silicone-grafted polypropylene (or, as discussed below, the butyltin may be present because of its use as a catalyst in the production of an antioxidant in polyolefin films). 

Dietary consumption of polyphenols is associated with a lower risk of degenerative diseases. In particular, protection of serum lipids from oxidation, which is a major step in the development of arteriosclerosis, has been demonstrated. More recently, new avenues have been explored in the capacity of polyphenols to interact with the expression of the human genetic potential. The understanding of the interaction between this heterogeneous class of compounds and cellular responses, due either to their ability to interplay in the cellular antioxidant network or directly to affect gene expression, has increased. 

Clemens, J.A., Bhagwandin, B., Smalstig, E.G., Bennett, D.R, Mincy, R.E., Shadle, J.K. and Panetta, J.A. (1991b). Preservation of an intact functional neuronal network by antioxidant therapy in transient forebrain ischemia in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11, S145. 

The antioxidant system in humans is a complex network composed by several enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. In addition to being an antioxidant, lycopene also exerts indirect antioxidant properties by inducing the production of cellular enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and quinone reductase that also protect cells from reactive oxygen species and other electrophilic molecules (Goo and others 2007). 

S. Vermani, A. Angusti, S. Manfredini (2004). The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network an overview. Curr. Pharm. Des. 10 1677-1694. 

Phenolic networks are interesting because they can be considered as a polymeric antioxidant ... 

OS is caused by excess of oxidation and/or lack of antioxidant defense. Since it can damage all the constituents of the body (proteins, lipids, DNA, etc.), OS has to be a temporary condition, under strict control by the antioxidant defense network, which is represented by a variety of enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems,... 

For these reasons, an antioxidant network becomes imperative. 

Table 4 Some of the compounds that are part of the antioxidant network in humans ...

I 5 Vertuani S, Angusti A, Manfredini S. The antioxidant and proantioxidant network. Curr Phamac Des 2004 10 1 677-1694. 

Thiele, J.J. et al., The antioxidant network of the stratum corneum, in Oxidants and Antioxidants in Cutaneous Biology. Current Problems in Dermatology, vol. 29, Thiele, J. and Eisner, P., Eds., Karger, Basel, 2001, p. 26. 

Li, L., Wang, J., Zhao, M., Cui, C., and Jiang, Y. 2006. Artificial neutral network for production of antioxidant peptides derived from bighead carp muscles with Alca-lase. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 44,441-448. 

Antidegmdents. This group of chemicals is added to prevent undesirable chemical reactions with the polymer network. The most important are the antioxidants, which trap free radicals and prevent chain scission and cross-linking. Antiozonants are added to prevent ozone attack on the rubber, which can lead to the formation and growth of cracks. Antiozonants function by diffusion of the material to the surface of the rubber, thereby providing a protective film. Certain antioxidants have this characteristic, and waxes also are used for this purpose. 

Thus, Nature has integrated thiol/disulfide exchange reactions in the regulation of its metabolic and antioxidant networks. The potentially cytotoxic effects of protein S-thiolation will remain controversial until the relationship between the systems of glutathione reductase, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin and thioltransferase are better understood. 

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