Netherlands adjustments

Figure 9.3 The whole-body counter of University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands. The counter has a mobile shadow shield with two Nal(Tl) scintillation detectors (4x6 in) placed at opposite sites of the subject. The lead shielding is 100 cm long with a diameter of 90 cm. The scanner moves on rails over a distance of 240 cm with an adjustable speed. Extreme variations in geometry yield practically the same value for 59Fe activity. The equipment can be used for measurements in man and small animals.

During this reaction, some caprolactam is also liberated. The reaction is largely completed within the processing time (typically 3-5 min). The increase in intrinsic viscosity of PET can be adjusted by the amount of CBC. In practice, about 0.5 wt% of CBC is typically used. CBC is commercially available under the trade-name ALLINCO (DSM, Geleen, The Netherlands). ALLINCO is one of the most effective chain extender systems available for PET [21, 22], CBC is often used in combination with PBO for an enhanced chain extension effect. Typically, the relative viscosity of PET is increased from 1.6 to 2.0 with a stoichiometric amount of CBC + PBO (ca. 1.2 wt%) in a single-screw extruder at 300 °C. 

For some crops there is no problem in meeting the quality standards as required for conventional seeds, but in some cases the thresholds for seedborne diseases are adjusted (Nielsen 2003 Lammerts van Bueren et al. 2003a Girsch and Weinhappel 2004). In some countries the recommended tolerances or thresholds for some diseases are lowered. In Austria, for instance, the threshold for Fusarium nivale has been adjusted from 20% in conventional agriculture to 10% for the organic sector. In the Netherlands, the level of permitted contamination in organic seed potato has been lowered from 25% (conventional) to 10%. A lower threshold is also set in other diseases, for example, in Austria, 10% is permitted for Septoria nodorum in cereals, compared with 20% previously. 

In a retrospective study in a psychiatric hospital in Curasao, Netherlands Antilles, 133 Afro-Caribbean inpatients (mean age 52 years), with no organic disorders and a history of current use of neuroleptic drugs for at least 3 months, were assessed for tardive dyskinesia (291). The prevalence was 36%. When the number of interruptions to neuroleptic drug therapy was split into up to two and more than two, the resulting adjusted odds ratio was 3.29 (95% Cl = 1.27, 8.49). Thus, the number of interruptions turned out to be the second risk factor after age. Cumulative dosages of neuroleptic or anticholinergic drugs were not risk factors. 

No ex-post adjustments will be made. The perhaps most important issue here is the treatment of closures. Sweden and the Netherlands... 

The SHOP process first came on-stream in Geismar (USA) in 1979 and has since reached a capacity of 600 000 t a. Further plants were built in the UK, the Netherlands, and France. The major advantage of the process is the ability to adjust the a-olefrn products in response to market demands. 

The key questions by the assessor are about an added benefit and about the medical value. In the Netherlands, the medical value is assessed unofficially by means of the Dunnings Funnel, which evaluates the candidates by defined criteria, e.g. necessity, effectiveness, safety, cost-effectiveness commonly calculated as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and social arguments such as budget impact or own responsibility [42]. The societies willingness to pay for an additional quality-adjusted life year gained (QALY) is as follows [43 5] ... 

In a case-control study using drug-dispensing and hospitalization data from more than 2 million residents in The Netherlands, subjects with a first hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal events were identified [14 J. Use of coxibs and non-selective NSAIDs was classified into remote, recent, and current use. Compared with remote use, the risk of acute myocardial infarction was increased in current users of all coxibs (adjusted OR = 1.73 95% Cl = 1.37, 2.19) and all non-selective NSAIDs (adjusted OR = 1.41 95% Cl = 1.23, 1.61). Analysis by separate agents showed that the risk of acute myocardial infarction was increased with celecoxib (OR = 2.53 95% Cl = 1.53, 4.18), rofecoxib (OR = 1.60 95% Cl = 1.22, 2.10), ibuprofen (OR = 1.56 95% Cl — 1.19, 2.05), and diclofenac (OR = 1.51 95% Cl = 1.22, 1.87), but not with naproxen (OR = 1.21 95% Cl = 0.87,1.68). 

Several studies have found an association with serum IgE level and bronchial responsiveness in both asymptomatic subjects and in patients with a history of asthma (16,29,33,41-44). In a Spanish study of 214 adults with a past history of asthma, bronchial responsiveness in response to methacholine challenge showed a linear relationship with serum IgE levels (16). This relationship was strongest for patients with active asthma compared to those without symptoms. Other studies have also found an association between high serum levels of IgE and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine or histamine challenge (41,42). In a population-based study in Italy, the odds ratio for serum IgE level > 150 kU/ L with bronchial reactivity to methacholine challenge was 3.18 after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, asthma symptoms, and pulmonary function in this study, only IgE level and atopy were found to independently predict bronchial responsiveness (42). Two studies from the Netherlands found a similar relationship between bronchial responsiveness and serum IgE levels in patients with asthma, particularly in nonsmokers (29,43). 

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