Net weight gain

Net weight gain = (Total weight gain) - (Total uterine weight). 

One way to circumvent such (unjustified) labeling is to try to prove a causal relationship between the maternal effects and those in offspring, thus trying to show that the latter ones are unspecific secondary consequences of the former ones. So for the sound interpretation of study results it is important to find a good balance between maternal and fetal effects. For example, if a 10% reduction in maternal net weight gain is accompanied by a comparable reduction in fetal weight, then this puts the fetal effects in the correct perspective and would not lead the experimenter to conclude that the compound is a (specific) developmental toxicant. On the other hand if in the same situation the number of fetal anomalies (in particular malformations) is increased, then this could most unlikely be explained as a consequence of maternal toxicity. 

Further reduction in cost of the chitinous supplement was achieved in two experiments with young ruminating neifers where we supplemented whey-rich rations with raw and demineralized crab meals (91.). Statistical analysis showed no significant dietary effect on net weight gain or feed efficiency for either experiment. Diarrhea increased by including whey alone in the ration. In contrast, the inclusion of either raw or demineralized crab meal alone in trie ration induced constipation. The addition of crab meal and whey to the ration restored feces to normal. 

Figure 3. Plot of net weight gain (%) in 1/4" PMMA rod versus time elapsed after removal from the final treatment solution. Data is indicated for an infusion experi-ment in which PMMA is treated with a diluent solution containing 50%/50% water/poly(ethylene glycol) (above) and 100% water (below).

It is assumed that the oxidation process can be approximated by a power law (parabolic if n = 2). The function Am = k was fitted to each dataset of net weight gain values to get the k value. (Note k = kp (the parabolic rate constant) if n = 2 in fitting this data, the assumption is that these points correspond to oxidation without spallation.) This is illustrated in Fig. 18.1. 

Growth Performance Response. The consistent net effect of anaboHc steroid implant use in growing mminants appears to be increased rate of protein and Hve weight gain, and increased Hve weight at which carcass or empty body fat concentration equals that in nonimplanted cattie thus increasing their potential mature size. Increased feed intake is frequentiy observed. 

Imipramine Mixed and variable blockade of NET and SERT Like SNRIs plus significant blockade of autonomic nervous system and histamine receptors Major depression not responsive to other drugs chronic pain disorders incontinence obsessive-compulsive disorder (clomipramine) Long half-lives CYP substrates active metabolites Toxicity Anticholinergic, G.-blocking effects, sedation, weight gain, arrhythmias, and seizures in overdose Interactions CYP inducers and inhibitors... 

Maprotiline (bupropion) NET > SERT inhibition (amoxapine, maprotiline) t increased release of norepinephrine, 5-HT (mirtazapine) but no effect on 5-HT (bupropion) amoxapine and maprotiline resemble TCAs (mirtazapine) amoxapine and maprotiline rarely used bupropion) sedation and weight gain (mirtazepine) Interactions CYP2D6 inhibitor (bupropion)... 

The highest dietary level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD caused net body weight loss and mortality. Four males and four females died and additional animals had to be sacrificed due to poor health. Food consumption was significantly reduced in the highest dose group only. Body weight gain in the 0.0007 and 0.005... 

Estimation of the vitamm Be requirements of infants presents a problem, and there is a clear need for further research. Human mUk, which must be assumed to be adequate for infant nutrition, provides only 2.5 to 3.5 //g of vitamin Be per g of protein-lower than the requirement for adults. Although their requirement for catabolism of amino acids may be lower than in adults (because they have net new protein synthesis), they must also increase their body content of the vitamin as they grow. Coburn (1994) noted that the requirement for growth in a number of animal species was less than that to maintain saturation of transaminases or rniriimum excretion of tryptophan metabolites after a test dose and was about 15 nmol per g of body weight gain across a range of species. 

The first commercial success was the addition of fl-glucanase into barley-based feed diets. Barley contains fl-glucan, which causes high viscosity in the chicken gut. The net effect of enzyme usage in the feed has been increased animal weight gain with the same... 

The approach adopted by FiM 2004 for calculating the ME requirement of dairy cows involves first calculating the ME requirement for weight gain, or the net energy available for milk production from weight loss, and then calculating the ME requirement... 

The ME required for weight gain (Mg ) is calculated from the net energy requirement for gain (EVg) by an equation similar to that of ARC (1980) as follows ... 

Type of starch Net body weight gain Starch coeff. of digesti-bility (%)... 

The time to spall is defined as the time when the net and gross weight gains start to be different . (For all specimens oxidised at 1050°C, there was no doubt about the definition of this time, as the differences in weight gains were clearly visible.) This is illustrated in Fig. 18.2. 

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