Nervous system brain

Mizuno T, Kawanokuchi J, Numata K, Suzumura A (2003) Production and neuroprotective functions of fractalkine in the central nervous system. Brain Res 979(l-2) 65-70 Monteiro de Almeida S, Letendre S, Zimmerman J, Kolakowski S, Lazzaretto D, McCutchan JA, Ellis R (2006) Relationship of CSF leukocytosis to compartmentalized changes in MCP-1/ CCL2 in the CSF of HIV-infected patients undergoing interruption of antiretroviral therapy. J Neuroimmunol 179(1-2) 180-185... 

Henriksen G, Willoch P (2008) Imaging of opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Brain 131 1171-1196... 

Mizuno T, Kawanokuchi J, Numata K, et al. Production and neuroprotective functions of fractalkine in the central nervous system. Brain Res 2003 979 65-70. 

Sakata, Y., Owada, Y., Sato, K. et al. Structure and expression of the glycine cleavage system in rat central nervous system. Brain Res. Mol. BrainRes. 94 119-130, 2001. 

Burek, M. J. and Oppenheim, R. W. Programmed cell death in the developing nervous system. Brain Pathol. 6 427-446, 1991. 

Exposure to endrin can cause various harmful effects including death and severe central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) injury. Swallowing large amounts of endrin (more than 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) may cause convulsions and kill you in a few minutes or hours. 

The blood-brain barrier forms the interface between the bloodstream and the brain parenchyma and thus controls the passage of endogenous substances and xenobiotics into and out of the central nervous system. Brain microvessels exhibit a variety of unique structural features, such as an extremely tight endothelium without fenestration, a very low rate of pinocytosis, tight junctions between endothelial cells excluding paracellular permeability, and a series of polarized transport proteins. The following chapter describes the structural and functional characteristics of the blood-brain barrier with emphasis on transport proteins, as well as in vitro techniques, which allow studying this complex barrier in the brain. 

Lodge D, Johnston GA, Curtis DR, Brand SJ. (1977). Effects of the Areca nut constituents arecaidine and guvacine on the action of GABA in the cat central nervous system. Brain Res. 136(3) 513-22. 

Hawkes C, Kar S. 2004. The insulin-like growth factor-II/ mannose-6-phosphate receptor structure, distribution and function in the central nervous system. Brain Res Rev 44 117-140. 

Vallejo YE, Buisson B, Bertrand D, Green WN (2005) Chronic nicotine exposure upregulates nicotinic receptors by a novel mechanism. J Neurosci 25 5563-5572 Vemino S, Amador M, Luetje CW, Patrick J, Dani JA (1992) Calcium modulation and high calcium permeability of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neuron 8 127-134 Vizi ES, Lendvai B (1999) Modulatory role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors in synaptic and non-synaptic chemical communication in the central nervous system. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 30 219-235... 

In the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), capillary endo-theUa lack pores and there is little transcytotic activity. In order to cross the blood-brain barrier, drugs must diffuse transcellularly, i.e., penetrate the luminal and basal membrane of endothelial cells. Drug movement along this path requires specific physicochemical properties (p. 26) or the presence of a transport mechanism (e.g., L-dopa, p. 188). Thus, the blood-brain barrier is permeable only to certain types of drugs. 

Lapierre YD, Browne M, Horn E, et al Treatment of major affective disorder with fluvoxamine. J Clin Psychiatry 48 65-68, 1987 Lapierre YD, Ravindran AV, Bakish D Dysthymia and serotonin. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 8 (suppl 2) 87-90, 1993 Lapin 1, Oxenkrug G Intensification of the central serotonergic process as a possible determinant of thymoleptic effect. Lancet 1 132-136, 1969 Larkin JG, McKee PJ, Blacklaw J, et al Nimodipine in refractory epilepsy a placebo-controlled, add-on study. Epilepsy Res 9 71-77, 1991 Larsson LI, Rehfeld JF Localization and molecular heterogeneity of cholecystokinin in the central and peripheral nervous system. Brain Res 165 201-218, 1979 Laruelle M, Abi-Dargham A, Casanova M, et al Selective abnormality of prefrontal serotonergic receptors in schizophrenia a post mortem study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50 810-818, 1993... 

Although the nervous system is often discussed in terms of peripheral and central components, it should be regarded as a highly integrated whole in which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) plays a critical information gathering and processing role. The peripheral nervous system is often divided into the autonomic and somatic components. The somatic system controls the voluntary functions of the body, like those of the skeletal muscles. The... 

Vincent, J.P., Cavey, D., Kamenka, J,M., Geneste, P., and Lazdunski, M. Interaction of phencyclidine with the muscarinic and opiate receptors in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 152 176-182, 1978. 

Miller, M.W., Nowakowski, R.S. (1988). Use of bromodeoxyuridine-immunohistochemistry to examine the proliferation, migration and time of origin of cells in the central nervous system. Brain Res, 457, 44-52. 

Recently developed drugs, known as ampakines, have been clinically shown to enhance learning and memory skills. These "smart pills" are being developed as a possible treatment for narcolepsy, attention deficit disorder, and Alzheimer s disease. Once approved by the FDA, physicians can prescribe them for off-label uses, such as jet lag or age-related forgetfulness.These agents act primarily within the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), and they do not cause the jitteriness commonly associated with caffeine or amphetamines. 

Cybernetics The comparative study of automatic control system formed by the nervous system brain of animals man and by mechanical-electrical communication systems in order to understand Si improve communications. Missile guidance systems are aomposed of elements concerned with sensory perception, communication ... 

Roghani A, Shirzadi A, Kohan SA, Edwards RH, Butcher LL (1996) Differential distribution of the putative vesicular transporter for acetylcholine in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 43 65-76. 

Gerard C, Martres MP, Lefevre K, et al. Immuno-localization of serotonin 5-HT6 receptor-like material in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res 1997 746 207-219. 

Cowan WM, Gottlieb DI, Hendrickson AE, Price JL, Woolsey TA (1972) The autoradiographic demonstration of axonal connections in the central nervous system. Brain Res 37 21-51. 

Fink RP, Heimer L (1967) Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system. Brain Res 4 369-374. 

Ladenheim EE, Jensen RT, Mantey SA, Moran TH (1992) Distinct distributions of two bombesin receptor subtypes in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res 595 168-178. 

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