Neoplasms cytokeratins

Chu PG, Weiss LM (2002a) Expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in epithelial neoplasms an immuno histochemical study of 509 cases. Mod Pathol 15(1) 6 10 Chu PG, Weiss LM (2002b) Keratin expression in human tissues and neoplasms. Histopathology 40(5) 403 439... 

Demirkesen C, Hoede N, Moll R (1995) Epithelial markers and differentiation in adnexal neoplasms of the skin an immunohistochemical study including individual cytokeratins. JCutan Pathol 22(6) 518 535... 

In our experience with ten cases, there has been no labeling for NSE, CD57, cytokeratin, chromo-granin, SlOO protein, EMA, vWF, CD31, UEAI, or carcinoembryonic antigen in ASPS. Melanocyte-specific markers are also absent in this neoplasm. ... 

CD45RB and either CD20 or CD79a, along with S-100, cytokeratin, CDS, and CD30, form a useful panel for large cell neoplasms. 

From Wang MP, Zee S, Zarbo RJ, et al. Coordinate expression of cytokeratin 7 and 20 defines unique subsets of carcinomas. AppI Immunohistochem. 1995 3 99-l 07 and Chu P, Wu E, Weiss L. Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms A survey of 435 cases. Mod Pathol. 2000 3 962-972. 

Data from Chu P, Wu E, Weiss L. Cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 expression in epithelial neoplasms A survey of 435 cases. Mod Pathol. 2000 1 3 962-972. 

Encoded by the MUCI gene on chromosome I and a derivative human antigen, EMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the breast mucin complex, and its expression is increased in carcinomas.Unlike normal breast, in which EMA is present on the apical cell membrane, neoplasms demonstrate EMA on the entire circumference of the cell membrane. Increased amounts of the large glycoprotein interfere with cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion in neoplastic cells. The utility of EMA antibody is in the detection of epithelial differentiation, as a supplement to the cytokera-tins. Spindle cell, small cell, and large cell neoplasms may on rare occasion be stained with EMA but may be only focally positive for cytokeratins. 437... 

Smith KJ, Skelton 3rd HG, Morgan AM, et al. Spindle cell neoplasms coexpressing cytokeratin and vimentin (metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma). J Cutan Pathol. 1992 19 286-... 

Mazal PR, Stichenwirth M, Roller A, et al. Expression of aquaporins and PAX-2 compared to CDIO and cytokeratin 7 in renal neoplasms a tissue microarray study. Mod Pathol. 2005 18 535-540. 

Bejarano PA, Nikiforov YE, Swenson ES, Biddinger PW. Thyroid transcription factor-1, thyroglobulin, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 20 in thyroid neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem MolMorphol. 2000 8 189-194. 

Attanoos and associates evaluated 31 sarcomatoid mesotheliomas and a spectrum of other spindle cell neoplasms with antibodies directed against cytokeratin, thrombomodulin, calretinin, and CK5/6. Twenty-four of 31 (77%) sarcomatoid mesotheliomas expressed cytokeratin, 9 of 31 (29%) expressed thrombomodulin, 12 of 31 (39%) expressed calretinin, and 9 of 31 (29%) expressed CK5/6. Two of 9 (22%) sarcomas not otherwise specified expressed broad-spectrum cytokeratin and thrombomodulin, and 1 of 9 (11%) expressed CK5/6. As might be expected, 100% of synovial sarcomas expressed broad-spectrum keratin but showed no immu-nostaining for thrombomodulin, calretinin, and CK5/6. Two of 3 (67%) angiosarcomas expressed thrombomodulin, which is not surprising since thrombomodulin... 

These authors use a battery of antibodies to evaluate mesothelial proliferative lesions, including reactive and neoplastic processes. Keratin antibodies, with the exception of CK5/6, are generally not used to differentiate an epithelial mesothelioma from another neoplasm or from a reactive process, but are used to identify the extent of a neoplastic or reactive mesothelial cell process. The antibodies we use to differentiate a well or moderately well differentiated epithelial mesothelioma from a pulmonary adenocarcinoma or nonpulmonary adenocarcinoma include AE1/AE3 cytokeratin, CK5/6, CK7, CK20, vimentin, EMA, EIBME-1, calretinin, mesothe-lin, WTl, D2-40, caldesmon, CEA, LeuMl, B72.3, BerEP4, and TTE-1. 

Gray MH, Rosenberg AE, Dickersin GR, et al. Cytokeratin expression in epithelioid vascular neoplasms. Hum Pathol. 1990 21 212-217. 

Some papers have described the selective expression of specific cytokeratin peptides and other cellular determinants in eccrine tumors. Antibodies to these substances including EKH5, EKH6, and IKH-4 5,60 may indeed show a preference for eccrine tumors, but the lack of systematic study of cutaneous and extracuta-neous neoplasms for similar reactivity leaves the issue of their specificity an open one. 

S-100 protein, although such reactivity is generally focal.No other commonly studied markers, with the exception of selected cytokeratins and p63, are shared by pilar and sudoriferous neoplasms. 

Plumb SJ, Argenyi ZB, Stone MS, DeYoung BR. Cytokeratin 5/6 immunostaining in cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and metastatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Dermatopathol. 2004 26 447-451. 

CYTOKERATIN 20 In the small intestine, CK20 stains only the highly differentiated small bowel villous entero-cytes (cytokeratin 18 stains the more immature basilar, proliferative zone cells). In the colon, CK20 stains only the surface epithelial cell layer. CK20 staining is more extensive and stronger in small bowel neoplasms than colonic carcinomas." ... 

It is occasionally important to distinguish between poorly differentiated SCC and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Cytokeratins 7, 20, and 5/6 are useful in this context. SCCs including poorly differentiated nonkeratinizing neoplasms are CK7-, CK20-, and CK5/6-I-, whereas adenocarcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, and lung are typically CK7-I-, CK20-I-, and CK5/6-. 

SPINDEE CEEE DIFFERENTIATION (SARCOMATOID CARCINOMA) Similar to the colon and esophagus, spindle cell differentiation has been described in gastric carcinomas. These neoplasms usually stain with vimentin and EMA and variably with cytokeratin.1 4154 gg Esophagus earlier for additional discussion. 

FIGURE 14.11 Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma. A, The large neoplastic cells have prominent nucleoli and blend in with the background inflammatory cells. B, An AEl /AE3 cytokeratin stain highlights the carcinoma cells. C, In this neoplasm, MLH-1 is lost in the tumor cell nuclei as compared with the intact (positive) staining of lymphocyte and stromal cell nuclei. D, In this example, the tumor cell nuclei are positive for Epstein-Barr virus mRNA (in situ hybridization) and the inflammatory and stromal cells are negative. 

Chu PG, Weiss LM. Expression of cytokeratin 5/6 in epithelial neoplasms an immunohistochemical smdy of 509 cases. Mod Pathol. 2002 15 6-10. 

Vlasoff DM, Baschinsky DY, Frankel WL. Cytokeratin 5/6 im-munostaining in hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2002 10 147-151. 

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