Human antigen

Immunoglobulin Gi(human-mouse monoclonal clone 1H4 gamma-chain anti-human antigen Tac), disulfide with human-mouse monoclonal clone 1H4 light chain, dimer [SY] Immunoglobulin Gi(human-mouse monoclonal clone 1H4 gamma-chain antihuman interleukin 2 receptor), disulfide with human-mouse monoclonal clone 1H4 light chain, dimer [SY]... 

Fig. 4. Synthetic strategy with resin-bound glucosamine acceptor 5 and galactosyl donors 6 and 7 for the assembly of human antigen trisaccharide 4. 7a, X = Cl 7b, X = H 6a P2 = Piv 6b 2 = Bz.

Fig. 6. Solid-phase synthesis sequence of human antigen trisaccharide 4. Reagents and conditions (a) (i) DMTST, DCM, MS 4 A, (ii) 20% NEt3/DMF (b) 7a, DMTST, DCM MS 4 A (c) 5% hydrazine hydrate/DMF (d) (i) Ac20, Py, (ii) NaOMe/MeOH, reflux, (in) H2 Pd/ C, THF, AcOH, MeOH/THF.

Cross-reactivity of antibodies to human antigens with identical or similar antigens of other species, or cross-species cross-reactivity, can be of interest to the researcher and veterinarian because of the scarcity of animal-specific antibodies. To overcome this, two publications reported the results of cross-species reactivity studies using commercially available antihuman polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (10, 11). It was demonstrated that the majority of animal... 

Also known as killer cells, killer T-cells, null cells. A differentiated T-ceU (CD8 positive) that attacks and lyses target cells bearing specific antigens. Used in patient-specific immunotherapy with cells grown in culture. See Gillis, S., Baker, RE., Ruscetti, F.W., and Smith, K.A., Long-term culture of human antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell lines, J. Exptl. Med. 148, 1093-1098, 1978. 

Encoded by the MUCI gene on chromosome I and a derivative human antigen, EMA is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the breast mucin complex, and its expression is increased in carcinomas.Unlike normal breast, in which EMA is present on the apical cell membrane, neoplasms demonstrate EMA on the entire circumference of the cell membrane. Increased amounts of the large glycoprotein interfere with cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion in neoplastic cells. The utility of EMA antibody is in the detection of epithelial differentiation, as a supplement to the cytokera-tins. Spindle cell, small cell, and large cell neoplasms may on rare occasion be stained with EMA but may be only focally positive for cytokeratins. 437... 

Clinical tests Potencies are often similar in animals and humans Binding in homologous animal counterpart could be different. Comparative binding affinities in primate and human antigen essential to avoid unforeseen situations (Marshall 2006a, b Suntharalingam et al. 2006 Hansen and Leslie 2006 Stebbings et al. 2007)... 

It is perhaps to be wondered at that an antibody to a human antigen should cross-react with (presumably) the same component in the rabbit thyroid — although this wonder is surpassed by the surprise that it apparently has sufficient trans-species crossreactivity to act in the mouse. Consequently, although such crossreactivity appears to exist, it is only to be expected that there is loss of sensitivity (in terms of thyroid stimulation) in the various crossings from species to species so that a potent effect on the rabbit thyroid (or on the mouse gland) might require an inordinate titre of antibody. 

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