NEODOL Surfactants

The complete line of NEODOL surfactants consists of some 15 individual products based on alcohols in the C9 to Cl 5 range with distinctive performance characteristics which make them exceptionally effective in various textile applications. NEODOL surfactants can therefore be selected for specific high performance qualities in traditional textile applications such as lubrication, desizing, scouring, mercer-ization, printing and dyeing—as well as for the newer applications such as foam finishing and foam mercerization. 

NEODOL ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants made from blends of linear primary alcohols with carbon numbers ranging from C9 to CIS. The alcohol blends are reacted with ethylene oxide (EO) to produce NEODOL ethoxylates with average chain lengths ranging from 2.5 to 13. For example, NEODOL 25-3 designates a surfactant based on NEODOL 25 alcohol reacted with an average of 3 moles of ethylene oxide (EO). 

EO groups/alcohol, mole/mole, avg. 2.5 Molecular weight 282 Active Content, %w 100 EO Content, %w 41 Melting range, C -16 to -2 F 3-28 

SHELL CHEMICAL CO. NEODOL Surfactants(Continued) NEODOL Ethoxylates(Continued)  

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Combine all dry ingredients over 1-2 minutes while stirring using a paddle-type mixer. Heat Neodol surfactant until it is a single-phase liquid add the warm Neodol surfactant dropwise to the dry ingredients, stirring until evenly mixed. 

Stepan Bio Soft D-62 (anionic surfactant) Neodol 25-7 (nonionic surfactant) Propylene glycol Ethyl alcohol... 

The nature of the nonionic surfactant is still an important parameter in the removal of solid C19. C12E03 and the commercial surfactant Neodol 23-6.5 both form micellar solutions (Lj phase only) at 25 °C. Detergency performance of these surfactants is poor. The presence of C12E04 as a two phase system containing a surfactant - rich phase (Lj or La) is still clearly beneficial to the kinetics of solid C19 removal. 

Figure 3.14 Example of some dynamic interfacial tensions in a system containing crude oil, 1 mass% Na2C03, 0.5 mass% NaCI, and varying concentrations of a commercial surfactant (Neodol 25-3S). From Taylor and Schramm [142],...

Microemulsions were obtained using different types and concentrations of surfactant, cosurfactant, and styrene. An anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (C12H250SO3Na), and two types of nonionic surfactants, Emsorb 6916 (sorbitan monolaurate) and Neodol 91-5 (ethojqrlated alcohol), were used. The surfactant concentration was varied between 5 to 10% (w/w) for the anionic system and between 5 to 15% (w/w) for the nonionic systems. Either 2-pentanol or ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cellosolve, C4H90CH2CH20H) was used as the cosolvent with the anionic surfactant. The amount of cosurfactant used depended on the anionic surfactant concentration and varied form 12.5 to 25% (w/w). 

The polymeric material based on nonionic surfactant (Neodol 91-5) has diferent pore morphology (Figure5(f)) as compared to the anionic system. Even the polymeric material based on the anionic system with a different cosolvent, butyl cellosolve, shows a different morphology (Rgure5(g)). Figure5(h) illustrates the structure of polymers obtained from a microemulsion using a different nonionic surfactant (Emsorb 6916). Thus, the pore morphology depends on the initial microstructure of the microemulsion as determined by the type of surfactant and cosolvent in addition to composition and polymerization conditions. 

Figures 9 and 10 show phase-behavior diagrams for David Lloydminster crude oil and the surfactant Neodol 25-3S in the presence of 1 wt% sodium carbonate. Phase-behavior measurements were carried out according to the method of Nelson et al. (52). The David Lloydminster oil field is near the Alberta-Saskatchewan border directly east of Edmonton. The oil has a density of 0.922 g/mL and a viscosity of 144 MPa s at 23 °C. The region of optimal phase behavior is shown at a surfactant concentration of 0.1 wt% in Figure 9. The region of optimal phase behavior is shaded. Above this region, type II +) behavior occurs, and type II(-) behavior occurs below the region of optimal phase behavior. Volume percent oil refers to the amount of oil present in the phase-behavior tube used. For a given oil-to-water ratio, a transition from type II(-) to type III to type II(+) occurs as salinity increases. As the amount of oil increases relative to the amount of aqueous phase, the same trend in phase behavior is seen.

Dynamic Interfacial Tension. Crude-oil-alkali systems are unusual in that they exhibit dynamic interfacial tension (Figure 11). A solution of 0.05 wt% sodium hydroxide in contact with David Lloydminster crude oil initially produces ultralow values of IFT. A minimum value is reached, after which IFT increases with time by nearly 3 orders of magnitude, measured in the spinning drop tensiometer. Taylor et al. (57) showed that dynamic inter-facial tension can also occur in crude-oil-alkali-surfactant systems. Figure 11 shows interfacial tension versus time for a solution containing 1 wt% sodium carbonate, and the same solution containing 0.02 wt% of Neodol 25-... 

At the concentrations of alkali above that required for minimum interfacial tension, the systems become overoptimum. The excess alkali plays the same role as excess salt. When synthetic surfactants are added, the salinity requirement of alkaline flooding system is increased. NEODOL 25-3S is such a synthetic surfactant used by Nelson et al. (1984). Figure 12.4, shown earlier, is a composite of three activity maps for 0, 0.1, and 0.2% of NEODOL 25-3S as a synthetic surfactant for 1.55% sodium metasilicate with Oil G at 30.2°C. We can see in the figure that without the synthetic surfactant, the active region of this system is below the sodium ion concentration supplied by the alkali. However, with 0.1 and 0.2% of NEODOL 25-3S (60% active) present, the active region is above the sodium ion concentration supplied by the alkali, so additional sodium ions must be added to reach optimum salinity. 

Figure 12.7 shows another example of soap-surfactant synergy. This figure shows IFT between Yates oil and the microemulsion that was formed by 0.2% 4 1 mixture by weight of Neodol 67-7PO sulfate and internal olefin sulfonafe 15-18, wifh water/oil ratio = 3 (Liu et al., 2008). The width of the low IFT region (< 10 mN/m) is much wider with sodium carbonate added than the... 

Viscosity modifier BFGoodrich Nonionic surfactant Neodol 25-3 Shell Chemical Nonionic surfactant Neodol 23-6.5 Shell Chemical Anionic surfactant Biosoft S-100 Stepan... 

Note Use Britesil H20 in place of Metso Beads 2048, partially or fully, if lower alkalinity is desired and more suspending/ emulsifying power is needed. Britesil H20 will also increase the surfactant adsorbency of detergent blend. Rhone-Poulenc Rhodasurf LA-7 or LA-9 or Shell Chemical Neodol 25-7... 

To formulate the dye products in Table 6-9, first dissolve the sulfate in water, then add the sulfonate, the neodol and the amide while stirring. Add the dyes and stir until they are completely dissolved. Alternatively, the dyes may be dissolved in the amide and/or the neodol and then added to the anionic surfactants in water. 

Temporary hair dye products frequently contain thickeners, a surfactant, sometimes a hair-setting polymer, and a buffer or acid such as tartaric, acetic, or citric to provide an acid medium for application of the dyes to the hair. To make the hair rinses described in Table 6-11, first hydrate the hydroxyethylcellulose (0.7 g) with 49 g of water by stirring, then add the neodol and the nonoxynol. Add the remaining water followed by the buffer, and then slowly dissolve the dyes in the product with stirring. Finally, add the cetrimonium chloride and stir until it is completely dissolved. 

Figure 3.15 (a-e) Examples of some of a commercial surfactant (Neodol 25-3S). 

Uses Detergent surfactant, cleansing agent, foaming agent in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Neodol 25-3A t[Shell http //www.shellchemicals. com] Standapol AP-60 t[Cognis/Care Chems.] Unipol 230 [Universal Preserv-A-Chem http //www.upichem.com], Unipol AP-60 [Universal Preserv-A-Chem http //www.upichem.com], Witcolate AE3 t [Witco http //www. witco. com]... 

Uses Detergent intermediate in prep, of sulfates for high-foaming liq. detergents surfactant, emulsifier in cosmetics Trade Name Synonyms Neodol 45-13 t[Shell, http //www.shellchemicals.com]] Tomadol 45-13 [Tomah http //www.tomahproducts.com] Cl 4-15 pareth-18 CAS 68951-67-7 (generic)... 

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