Negative ionizable

Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Negative ions are produced under ci conditions by electron capture. Under the higher pressure conditions of the ci ion source, electrons, both primary (those produced by the filament) and secondary (produced during an ionization event), undergo collisions until they reach near-thermal energies. Under these conditions, molecules... 

An ion containing unpaired electrons in its ground state Electron impact ionization Positive chemical ionization Negative chemical ionization... 

Catalyst models (hypotheses) consist of sets of abstract chemical features arranged at certain positions in the three-dimensional space. The feature definitions are designed to cover different types of interactions between ligand and target, e.g. hydrophobic, H-bond donor, H-bond acceptor, positive ionizable, negative ionizable. Except in some special cases, different chemical groups that lead to the same type of interaction, and thus to the same type of biological effect,... 

Negative ions can be formed by electron capture due to the presence of thermalized electrons produced by Penning ionization or by surface Penning ionization. Negative ions can also be obtained by reactions of analyte molecules with negative ions formed from atmospheric water and oxygen to produce the deprotonated molecule. 

Chemical functionality (H-bond acceptor, H-bond donor, positive ionizable, negative ionizable, hydrophobic) with geometric constraint, e.g., an H-bond acceptor vector including an acceptor point as well as a projected donor point aromatic ring including a ring plane + + +... 

Technique Electron Impact Positive Chemical Ionization Negative Chemical Ionization... 

Self-doped derivatives of PANI containing an ionizable, negative charged functional group in their structure that acts as an inner dopant anion, hound to the pol nner backbone. There is no anion exchange between the polymer and the solution during the oxidation or reduction process. 

Modem instruments offer novel sophisticated modes to detect non-target analytes. If the fragmentation behavior of a compound class is known, this can be used to find derivatives of these compounds even though the sfructure of the complete molecule is unknown. If X represents the characteristic moiety of a compotmd class, which is attached to any moiety R, let us assume two hypothetic fragmentation pathways (fragmentation of anions is chosen because most PFC metabolites are ionized negatively) ... 

Fig. 6. Methane chemical ionization negative ion mass spectra of pentafluoro benzyl ABA upper with insert of unlabelled material) and dipentafluoro benzyl ODA lower). The compounds were isolated from tomato shoots supplied with 40% -H. >O for six days, then severely wilted. M/z-263 = molecular ion — 1 mass unit after the loss of the pentafluorobenzyl residue +H.M/Z 377 = molecular ion of dipentafluorobenzyl ODA-1 mass unit after the loss of one pentafluorobenzyl residue +H. Ordinate. relative intensity abscissa, mass numbers...

Detector MS, PE Sciex API-Ill or API 365, ionspray, atmospheric pressure ionization, negative ionization... 

The ionization of the vacancies can be written in two different ways, depending on whether the electrons or electron holes are involved. For example, to form a vacancy once ionized negatively, we would have ... 

In electron attachment ionization, negative ions are formed by electron attachment in the gas. These plasmas can be very electronegative and are used in processes such as plasma anodization. 

Consider a singly ionized negative ion and a singly ionized positive ion that are separated by 1 nm. Calculate the potential energy between the two ions using SI units and CGS (Gaussian)... 

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