Negative-ion chemical ionization mass

GC/MS has been employed by Demeter et al. (1978) to quantitatively detect low-ppb levels of a- and P-endosulfan in human serum, urine, and liver. This technique could not separate a- and P-isomers, and limited sensitivity confined its use to toxicological analysis following exposures to high levels of endosulfan. More recently, Le Bel and Williams (1986) and Williams et al. (1988) employed GC/MS to confirm qualitatively the presence of a-endosulfan in adipose tissue previously analyzed quantitatively by GC/ECD. These studies indicate that GC/MS is not as sensitive as GC/ECD. Mariani et al. (1995) have used GC in conjunction with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry to determine alpha- and beta-endosulfan in plasma and brain samples with limits of detection reported to be 5 ppb in each matrix. Details of commonly used analytical methods for several types of biological media are presented in Table 6-1. 

Carrizo D, Grimalt JO (2006) Rapid and simplified method for the analysis of polychlor-onaphthalene congener distributions in environmental and human samples by gas chromatography coupled to negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1118(2) 271-277... 

Swackhammer, D.L., M.J. Charles, and R.A. Hites. 1987. Quantitation of toxaphene in environmental samples using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 59 913-917. 

D. F. Hunt, G. C. Stafford, F. W. Crow, and J. W. Russell. Pulsed Positive Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 48(1976) 2098-2104. 

Yu and Bayne [58] differentiated different aroclors in soil using linear discrimination and analyses by electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. 

The electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric method [58] discussed in section 5.6.1.6 for the determination of polychlorobiphenyls in soils has also been applied to sludges. 

Hubbard WC, Bickel C, Schleimer RP. 1994. Simultaneous quantitation of endogenous levels of cortisone and cortisol in human nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and plasma via gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 221 109-117. 

Korfmacher WA, Rushing LG, Siitonen PH, et al. 1987. Confirmation of heptachlor epoxide and octachlor epoxide in milk via fused silica gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J High Resolut Chromatogr Commun 10 332-336. 

Positive-negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry enables the detection of harmful compounds because of their reaction with alkylating substances (29-30). 

Negative-Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Ames Mutagenicity Tests of Granular Activated Carbon Treated Waste Water... 

McClure, T.D. and Liebler, D.C. 1995a. A rapid method for profiling the products of antioxidant reactions by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8 128-135. 

The N1C1-MS (negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry) of the pentafluoro-benzoate derivative of 42 has been identical to the corresponding derivative of [4,4-D2]HPB. The levels of HPB released from hemoglobin of NNK-treated rats, determined using [3,3-D2]- and [4,4-D2]-HPB standards, were the same40. 

Gas chromatography [9, 10] Fast gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric (GC/NICI-MS) assay combined with rapid and nonlaborious sample preparation is presented for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and a-hydroxy metabolites, zaleplon, and zopiclone in whole blood. The compounds were extracted from 100 pi of whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and derivatized by N-methyl-N-(ferf-butyldimethylsilyl)trifluoroaceta-mide (MTBSTFA). 

Friesen MD, Hass Jr, Harvan D, et al. 1980. Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry Determination on chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Pract Spectrosc 3 324-375. 

Hass JR, Friesen MD, Parker CE, et al. 1977. Use of negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry in the determination of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins at the part-per-trillion level in tissue samples. Environ Health Perspect 20 246. 

S.-A.A. Fredriksson, L.-G. Hammarstrom, L. Henriksson and H.-A.A. Lakso, Trace determination of alkyl methylphosphonic acids in environmental and biological samples using gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom., 30, 1133-1143 (1995). 

NICI/MS Negative Ion Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry... 

Harrison A (1983) Chemical ionization mass spectrometry CRC Press, Boca Raton, 22-45 Hunt DF, Stafford GC, Crow FW, Russell JW (1976) Pulsed positive negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry Anal Chem 48 2098-2105 Lapierre C, Monties B, Rolando C (1985) Thioacidolysis of lignin comparison with acidolysis J Wood Chem Technol 5 277-292... 

Oehme M, Kirschmer P (1984), Anal. Chem. 56 2754-2759. Isomer-selective determination of tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins using hydroxyl negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with high resolution gas chromatography"... 

Miyajima, T., Tanaka, T., and Koike, 1. (2005). Determinig N enrichment of dissolved organic nitrogen in environmental waters by gas chromatography/negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 3, 164-173. 

Several methods have been developed to quantify the F2-IS0PS. Our laboratory uses a gas chromatographic/negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometric (GC/NICI-MS) approach employing stable isotope dilution (6). For quantification purposes, we measure the F2-IS0P, 15-F2t-IsoP, and other F2-IsoPs that coelute with this compound. Several internal standards are available from commercial sources to quantify the IsoPs. In our... 

Delepine, B. Sanders, P. Determination of chloramphenicol in muscle using a particle beam interface for combining Uquid-chromatography with negative-ion chemical ionization mass-spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. 1992, 582, 113-121. 

Hsu FF, Wang L, Bier DM. Determination of cortisol in human plasma by gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/mass spectronietry Anal Biochem 1994 216 401-5. . ... 

HJ Leis, G Fauler, G Raspotnig, W Windischhofer. Quantitative determination of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril in human plasma by stable isotope dilution gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 12 1591—1594, 1998. 

Huang W, Moody DE, Andrenyak DM, Smith EK, Foltz RL, Huestis MA, Newton JF (2001) Simultaneous determination of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and ll-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human plasma by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography—negative ion chemical ionization—mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 25 531-537... 

Low GK-C, Batley GE, Lidgard RO, et al. 1986. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal fly ash using gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 13 95-104. 

Hunt et al. [30a] utilized this mixed mode for the first time PPNICI (pulsed positive negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry) with quadrupolar instruments for the study of peptide sequences. The reagent gas chosen was a mixture of CH4 and CH3ONO. The resulting plasma was composed of CHj and CHjO (among others) and led to the positive [MH] and negative [M-H]" ions, respectively. 

Duffield, A.M. and Lidgard, R.O. (1986) Analysis of kava resin by gas chromatography and electron impact and methane negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. New trace constituents of kava resin. Biomedical Environmental Mass Spectrometry, 13,621-626. 

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