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Nature of the response

Membrane potentiometric devices respond in a logarithmic fashion to analyte activities. The majority of chemists are more used to working with concentrations than with activities, and unless the ionic strength of a solution is known, the concentration cannot be calculated. Addition of a total ionic-strength adjusting buffer can overcome this problem, but is not always [Pg.222]


Cellular activities are mediated by complex networks of interactions in response to physiological signals, and the nature of the response is dependent on the cell type and states. These aspects cannot be accounted for by investigating at the genomic or transcriptomic levels alone, as genomes and transcriptomes are fairly conserved between cell states and types within a system. [Pg.233]

Administration of hallucinogenic agents produces a number of distinct and apparently spontaneous motor responses in a variety of laboratory animals. These behaviors include the 5-HT syndrome in rats and mice, limb flicks in cats, and limb jerks in primates. These behaviors have in common (a) the apparently spontaneous (involuntary) nature of the response, and (b) the fairly well-established role of excitatory postsynaptic 5-HT receptor activation in the mediation of the effects. [Pg.35]

Bit The canonical parameters defining the nature of the response surface in trans-... [Pg.178]

It should be obvious, however, that the nature of the response to a given chemical hazard must also depend on the concentration of that chemical in the environment. [Pg.73]

Fig. 19. b Experimental results in startup flow in shear and extension on branched LDPE from Meissner [3]. The qualitative nature of the response in the two flows is remarkably similar to the pom-pom model in (a)... [Pg.249]

The animal carcinogenicity data provide an accurate picture of human response, in both the nature of the response (cancer) and its quantitative aspects (potency). [Pg.245]

Where drug are shown to form reactive intermediates by specific enzyme systems, it might be expected that the polymorphism or absence of these systems would track idiosyncratic reactions but to date no such link has been established. In fact, the most confounding element of idiosyncratic reactions is their unpredictable nature and whilst reactive intermediates may present a risk factor the true nature of the response is likely to be multifactorial. Changes in dmg metabolizing capacity, affecting the balance of bioactivation and bioinactivation processes which may be mediated through concomitant infection may also be a contributory factor. [Pg.153]

Whether or not a particular agonist has any effect on a particular cell depends initially on the presence or absence of the appropriate receptor. However, the nature of the response depends on these factors ... [Pg.11]

Any questions asked by regulatory assessors should be answered as thoroughly and explicitly as possible. It is not productive to be grudging in either the tone or the nature of the response as this will only slow down the assessment process and can lead to additional questions being asked. [Pg.514]

Chemical engineers can sometimes increase the size or alter the nature of the response of a smart material by a process known as doping. [Pg.114]

Gages, Diaphragm. See Fig Gl. The gage is placed a fixed distance from die expl to be tested and die deflection of the steel or copperplate disc is measured. Because of the complex nature of the response the gage is useful oniy for comparison purposes Refs 1) P.M. Frye J.E. Eldridge, OSRD 6248(1946) 2) R.H. Cole, Underwater... [Pg.645]

To discuss the dose-response relationship, it is necessary to consider the dose of a chemical, the nature of the response to it, and what factors affect the response to the chemical. These considerations are also important in the process of risk assessment for any chemical. [Pg.7]

Fractionating and Molecular Weight Determination. Another approach to obtain more information on the nature of the responsible... [Pg.592]

This generic term may denote either the measured value of the independent variable under the experimental conditions employed or some function of that value as with the characteristic potential, the nature of the response constant depends on the technique used, and in addition it depends on the behavior of the system being studied. For a diffusion-controlled process the preferred polarogrephic response constant is the diffusion current constant iH/Cm2 3t1 6. but the ratio id/ is often given instead when a value of nj2 3 1 could not be obtained from the or glnal, and even values alone are sometimes quoted for want of anything better values... [Pg.6]

The size resolution ideally depends on the monotonic nature of the response curve. Since the counter response is strongly dependent on the index of refraction of particles of a given size, the size discrimination will be quite variable for an aerosol of heterogeneous composition. [Pg.72]

Temporal extrapolation is important in terms of the duration of the exposure, the number of exposures, and the nature of the response to these in the organism. Chapter 6 reviews relationships between temporal exposure in relation to acute-to-chronic extrapolation, reversibility, and latency in terms of the interaction between substances and individual organisms. Other temporal extrapolation approaches are needed when considering temporal processes in organisms themselves. These relate to seasonal variability in sensitivity, recovery at the population level, and adaptation to stressors. [Pg.408]

Another important feature of mathematical modeling techniques is the nature of the response data that they are capable of handling. Some methods are designed to work with data that are measured on a nominal or ordinal scale this means the results are divided into two or more classes that may bear some relation to one another. Male and female, dead and alive, and aromatic and nonaromatic, are all classifications (dichotomous in this case) based on a nominal scale. Toxic, slightly toxic, and non-toxic are classifications based on an ordinal scale since they can be written as toxic > slightly toxic > non-toxic. The rest of this section is divided into three parts methods that deal with classified responses, methods that handle continuous data, and artificial neural networks that can be used for both. [Pg.169]


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