Natural responsibilities

The exponential matrix e in equation (8.46) is ealled the state-transition matrix < t) and represents the natural response of the system. Henee... 

Anaerobic treatment results in a drastic alteration in the pattern of protein synthesis in maize seedlings (Sachs, Freeling Okimoto, 1980). Pre-existing (aerobic) protein synthesis is repressed while selective synthesis of new polypeptides is initiated (Sachs et al., 1980). This is most likely a plant s natural response to flooding. 

If opiates are such addictive and potentially lethal compounds, why does the body respond to them As with the cannabinoids (Chapter 7), it has been discovered that the body and brain possess numerous opiate-specific receptor sites. As many as nine receptor subtypes have been identified, with three of them being the most important p (mu), k (kappa) and 8 (delta). The finding that the distribution of opiate receptors did not parallel the distribution of any known neurotransmitter prompted the search for and identification of a number of endogenous compounds specific to these receptors. These enkephalins and endorphins are manufactured within the brain and other body systems (especially the gut and intestines) and form the body s natural response to pain. They appear to be produced in bulk chains of amino acids called polypeptides , with each active neurotransmitter being composed of around five amino acid molecules. These active neurotransmitters are subsequently cleaved from the larger polypeptides at times of demand for example, it has been demonstrated that the plasma levels of these active compounds rise during childbirth, traumatic incidents and vigorous physical exercise. 

The principal benefits of the habituation-dishabituation test arise from the speed of testing and the minimal need for equipment. Each animal may complete a nine trial session in less then 30 minutes. An additional advantage comes with the sequential presentation of the stimuli as this methodology avoids the problems associated with the mixing of vapours from different odour stimuli if the odours are presented simultaneously. The test is particularly well suited for field work as the stimuli may be presented on a substrate that the subject normally investigates, thus elicting a more natural response than one might encounter in a lab environment. 

Fever. Antipyretic analgesics (ace-tylsalicylic acid, acetaminophen, p. 198) are indicated only when there is high fever. Fever is a natural response and useful in monitoring the cUnical course of an infection. 

Chemical reactions, including those of biological nature responsible for the spoilage of food, slow down with decreasing temperature. The refrigerator, therefore, only slows down (delays) the spoilage of food. 

There is some evidence that localized copper imbalance is related to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) conditions. Low molecular weight copper complex concentrations in plasma and synovial fluids are increased as part of the body s natural response to RA. Secondly, when such increases are induced by copper administration, they have a powerful antiinflammatory effect. More data are required to show the medical significance of these changes. Three parameters which should be reported are (i) total copper levels (by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) (ii) total ceruloplasmin levels (by autoimmune assay) and (iii) the relative molecular weight distribution (by Sephadex gel filtration and ultrafiltration). 

Tang L, Eaton JW. Natural responses to unnatural materials a molecular mechanism for foreign body reactions. Molecular Medicine 1999, 5, 351-358. 

Herrmann194 196 was able to stimulate metamorphosis in Phoronis muelleri and P. psammophila with dense suspensions of bacteria. It is impossible to know if these results are indicative of a natural response to biofilm bacteria in the field. 

There will be a relatively free market and soon the control price will become a ceiling and the market will be trading under that ceiling. But at the moment, that sharp, almost exponential curve is a natural response to the release from the ridiculously low wellhead price control that has been put on natural gas by the Federal Power Commission following the Phillips decision of 1954. 

Fig. 15.2. If one is rather liberal in the assumptions as to the natural responses available, industry can grow 20 years longer. Population will increase to more than 9 billion in 2040. These increased levels will generate much more pollution, which will reduce land yield and force much greater investment in fertilizers. Eventually, declining food supplies will raise the population death rate. (Reprinted with permission from D. H. Meadows, D. L. Meadows, and J. Randers, Beyond the Limits, p. 135, Chelsea Green Publishing, 1992.)...

Interferon A type of biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body s natural response to disease). 

As this is a linear equation, the natural response x can simply be summed up as... 

If there are two real and equal roots for Equation 2.155, the natural response is... 

The eigenvalues of. v ,. .., s are the natural frequencies of this circuit, otherwise known as the poles of the circuit network. If the poles are all different, the natural response is given by... 

This publication is intended to provide guidance to HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) and What-If review teams associated with the petroleum and chemical industries. It describes the nature, responsibilities, methods and documentation required in the performance of such reviews. 

A natural response is to ask for the number of periodic orbits for a given period n. Suppose that 2" — 1 is prime. Then, (i) we do not have to worry about sub-cycles and (ii) the seeds of the periodic orbits are given by pfc/2" — 1, where pk, k = 1,2,. ..,Nk, is prime. Thus, the number of periodic orbits of period n is exactly 7t(2" — 1), where 7t(x) is the prime number function. It counts the number of primes smaller than or equal to x. ( 1 is not counted as a prime number). This function was studied extensively in the mathematical literature. An explicit expression for 7t(x), however, is not known. A good approximation is... 

In general, surfaces are different creatures than the bulk that spawns them. For instance, a water drop forms itself into a sphere because the water molecules inside the water drop have all their opportunities of hydrogen bonding met and are content. The water molecules at the surface have some unhappy hydrogen ends without their oxygen mate on an adjacent molecule and vice versa. This situation creates a tension, called surface tension, and the natural response of the system to minimize this tension... 

Orogeny is the process of mountain formation. Plate tectonics is the main force of nature responsible for orogeny. This continent-building process may be simply explained ... 

---