Natural gas, processing and conversion

See also Biofuels Capital Investment Decisions Hydrogen Kinetic Energy, Historical Evolution of the Use of Methanol Natural Gas, Processing and Conversion of. 

See also Climatic Effects Fossil Fuels Gasoline and Additives Governmental Inteiwention in Energy Markets Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methane Natural Gas, Processing and Conversion of Natural Gas, Transportation, Distribution, and Storage of Oil and Gas, Exploration for Oil and Gas, Production of Risk Assesment and Management. 

Natural Gas, Processing and Conversion of John Znmerchik Herman Bieber... 

Energy demand, the implementation of sulfur oxide pollution controls, and the future commercialization of coal gasification and liquefaction have increased the potential for the development of considerable supplies of sulfur and sulfuric acid as a result of abatement, desulfurization and conversion processes. Lesser potential sources include shale oil, domestic tar sands and heavy oil, and unconventional sources of natural gas. Current supply sources of saleable sulfur values include refineries, sour natural gas processing and smelting operations. To this, Frasch sulfur production must be added. 

The process can be operated in two modes co-fed and redox. The co-fed mode employs addition of O2 to the methane/natural gas feed and subsequent conversion over a metal oxide catalyst. The redox mode requires the oxidant to be from the lattice oxygen of a reducible metal oxide in the reactor bed. After methane oxidation has consumed nearly all the lattice oxygen, the reduced metal oxide is reoxidized using an air stream. Both methods have processing advantages and disadvantages. In all cases, however, the process is mn to maximize production of the more desired ethylene product. 

In principle, the SBA/Topspe process consists in mixing the burner exit gases with steam and sending the mixture to a fixed-bed reactor on a nickel base catalyst, at about 2.10 Pa absolute and about 950 C This technique, sometimes called partial catalytic oxidatioEu is only applied to the conversion of natural gas, LPG and naphthas, particularly because, if heavier feeds are used, problems arise in the prior separation of sulfur derivatives that cannot be t[Pg.42]

However, in order to release the material in the annual volume at an early date, preliminary reports are issued in 14 separate sections. Some of these are Crude products from petroleum and natural gas for chemical conversion Medici-nals Plastics and resin materials Rubber-processing chemicals and Pesticides and other organic agricultural chemicals. Requests to be placed on mailing lists for... 

Acetylene is produced currently from natural gas but at conversions and selectivity that rule out consideration in the present study. A survey was made of the routes available which included commercial as well as proposed non-commercial processes (refs. 1-3). These were ... 

New Zealand s decision to allocate a portion of their natural gas reserves for conversion to gasoline was based on a comprehensive evaluation of alternative uses and available technologies. As a result of these studies, it was concluded that using the Mobil process for the conversion of natural gas to gasoline provided the most efficient method. 

If hydrogen production processes are compared, the interdependence of efficiency, capital investment and value of the byproduct has to be taken into account. From the reaction equations, it can be derived that an essential part of the hydrogen is gained from water, e.g., 50 % in the case of steam reforming of natural gas plus CO conversion. On the other hand, all carbon in the raw materials is finally converted to CO2 and released into the atmosphere the least unfavorable process is steam reforming with a CO2 to H2 ratio of 0.25, the worst in coal gasification with a respective ratio of 1. The use of heavier raw materials is connected with a loss of efficiency since a larger mass of C-carriers and water need to be heated up to reaction temperatures [51]. 

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