National Radiation Protection Board

National Radiation Protection Board, U.K. http //www.nrpb.org/ Recycling... 

All nuclear power plants are carefully controlled by the national radiation protection boards, and strict limits for releases are set. Usually it is quite easy for the power plants to meet these requirements. These releases are small compared to the natural radioactivities and mostly negligible in the far field, see 20.4 and 21.8. 

TABLE 18.9. Relative contribution of sources of radiation to the population (UK National Radiation Protection Board, 1989) annual average dose Is 2.2 mSv... 

B.M.R. Green, J.C.H. Miles, E.J. Bradley and D.M. Rees, Radon Atlas of England and Wales, National Radiation Protection Board, Didcot, UK, 2002. 

In April 2005 tiie National Radiation Protection Board, which was created by ttie Radiological Protection Act 1970, was merged into the Health Protection Agency becoming its Radiation Protection Division (HPA-RPD) but continuing its role as the national point of authoritative reference in radiological protection. 

HUDSON, A.P., SHAW, J., Categorisation and Designation of Working Areas in which Unsealed Radioactive Materials are Used, NRPB-M443, National Radiation Protection Board, Chilton (1993). 

National Radiation Protection Board, United Kingdom... 

Electromagnetic Fields and the Risk of Cancer, Report of an Advisoy Group on Non-Ioni ng Radiation, documents of the National Radiological Protection Board, U.K., Vol. 3, Mar. 1992. 

Lloyd, D.C., J.S. Prosser, and R.J. Purrott, The Study of Chromsome Aberrations Yield in Human Lymphocytes as an Indicator of Radiation Dose Revised Techniques, NRPB-M70, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon. 0X11 0RQ, Great Britain, (November 1982). 

The National Radiological Protection Board (1990) have adopted a slightly lower figure, 50 //Sv per Bq m-3 (coincidentally equivalent to Chamberlain Dyson 6.2 nGy per Bqh m-3). For the average UK indoor concentration of 20 Bq m-3 (Table 1.4), this gives 1 mSv annually, which is about equal to the total dose from all other natural sources of radiation (Clarke Southwood, 1989). 

Wrixon, A.D. et al. (1988) Natural radiation exposure in UK dwellings, Report NRPB-R190. Chilton, Oxon., National Radiological Protection Board. 

The radiological consequences were considered by Loutit etal. (1960) on behalf of the Medical Research Council and more recently by the National Radiological Protection Board (Crick Linsley, 1982,1983). Loutit et al. estimated the maximum doses of radiation received by the public as ... 

Stather, J.W., Wrixon, A.D. Simmonds, J.R. (1984) The risks of leukaemia and other cancers in Seascale from radiation exposure. National Radiological Protection Board Report R-171, HMSO, London. 

Wall BF, Hart D (1997) Revised radiation doses for typical X-ray examinations. Report on a recent review of doses to patients from medical X-ray examinations in the UK by NRPB. National Radiological Protection Board. Br J Radiol 70 437-439. 

Like all radionuclides, exposure to radiation from cesium-137 results in increased risk of cancer. Everyone is exposed to very small amounts of cesium-137 in soil and water as a result of atmospheric fallout. Exposure to waste materials, from contaminated sites, or from nuclear accidents can result in cancer risks much higher than typical environmental exposures. Great Britain s National Radiological Protection Board predicts that there will be up to 1,000 additional cancers over the next 70 years among the population of We.stern Europe exposed to fallout from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl, in part due to cesium-137. 

GELDER, R., Radiation Exposure from the Normal Transport of Radioactive Materials within the United Kingdom, NRPB-M255, National Radiological Protection Board, Chilton, UK (1991). 

Board Statement on Restrictions on Human Exposure to Static and Time-Varying Electrorrmgnetic Fields and Radiation, National Radiological Protection Board (UK), Chilton, Oxon (1999). 

Dixon, D.W. (1983). Radiation hazards to collectors ofgeologjcal specimens containing natural radioactivity. National Radiological Protection Board Report 131 (UK). Dugdale, J.S. (1998). Entropy and its Physical Meaning. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 0-7484-0569-0. OCLC 36457809. 

Dixon, D.W. (1983). Radiation hazards to collectors of geological specimens containing natural radioactivity. National Radiological Protection Board Report 131 (UK). 

The new information on radiation risks prompted the National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) to recommend that occupational workers exposure should be so controlled as not to exceed an average effective dose equivalent of 15 mSv per year. This recommendation has been considered by the Working Group on Ionising Radiations of the HSC ° and it can be expected that, pending revisions to the ICRP basic recommendations and the European Directive, this recommendation will be taken into account in an addition to the Approved Code of Practice during 1990. 

National Radiological Protection Board, Guidance as to Restrictions on Exposure to Time Varying Electromagnetic Fields and the 1988 Recommendations of the International Non-ionising Radiation Committee, NRPD-CS11, Chilton (1989)... 

National Radiological Protection Board, NRPB (1990). Human exposure to radon in homes. Doc. NRPB 1, 17-32. National Research Council Committee on the Biolt ical Effects of Ionizing Radiations, NRC (1988). Health Risks of Radon and Other Interrudly Deposited Alpha Emitters (BEIRIV). National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Nero, A.V. (1988). Estimated risk of lung cancer from exposure to radon decay products in U.S. homes A brief review. Atmos. Environ. 22, 2205—2211. 

National Radiological Protection Board, Living with Radiation, 4th edn. National Radiological... 

Dixon, D. W. (1983). Radiation Hazards to Collectors of Geological Specimens Containing Natural Radioactivity NRPB-R131. Didcot, UK National Radiological Protection Board. 

TNA PRO HP 3/22. National Radiological Protection Board assessment of the radiological impact of the Windscale Reactor Eire, October 1957 the collective radiation dose received by the population allegations regarding European contamination levels question and answer briefs on the Windscale Eire. 

G. Waunder (Ed.), Tumorigenic and Genetic Effects of Radiation, National Swedish Environmental Protection Board 1976. 

National Carbon Co., 166 National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurement, 430, 432 National Distillers Corp., 278 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 138, 421 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 31, 135, 326, 329, 330 National Industrial Conference Board, 269... 

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