Naphthalene mixture

Scott and Kucera repeated a series of similar experiments again using 0 to 3 ml samples of the benzene mixture and 0 to 6 ml samples of the naphthalene mixture but... 

Figure 4. Microautoclave tests, Indiana V coal, Tetralin-methyl naphthalene mixtures (conversion vs. percent Tetralin content)...

Solvents. water was doubly-distilled from an all-Pyrex apparatus. All the other solvents were supplied by BDH and mostly used as supplied, except that tetrahydrofuran (THF) was first distilled from lithium "aluminium hydride and then from a sodium/naphthalene mixture (the green coloration of the latter being indicative of the absence of water). 

Kureha A process for making di-isopropyl naphthalene mixtures from naphthalene and propylene by transalkylation. It operates at 200°C, using a silica/alumina catalyst. Operated in 1988 at the Rutgerswerke plant in Duisberg-Meiderich, Germany. The name has also been used for a process for making acetylene from petroleum. 

The values of these parameters can be described as functions of the feed. In order to collapse the data from the cumene-decane mixtures and the cumene-naphthalene mixtures into a single curve, a single variable has been defined to describe the nature of the two different types of feeds. Note that decane, cumene and naphthalene contain respectively 0, 1 and 2 aromatic rings per molecule, and the different aromatic rings appear to be related to the differences between the coking abilities of these three species. Hence, we suggest that the aromatic ring percent in the feed, A, may be a possible independent variable, defined by ... 

There are reports of the use of iron species as probes (chemisorbed species) to characterize supports and their adsorption properties. Burger et al. (200) used Mossbauer spectroscopy to characterize submicroscopic droplets of Sn(IV) and Fe(III) complexes carried in an alkane/naphthalene mixture. The analysis of the Mossbauer parameters gave a qualitative picture regarding the solution structure inside the pores and the adsorption and wetting properties of the solid. 

The limitations of this parameter should be noted. We do not necessarily expect that A is a unique indicator. For example, feeds with A = 100 could be obtained with pure cumene and also with a decane - naphthalene mixture. We do not claim that these two feeds would necessarily behave similarly. At this point, A is simply a way to present our data for cumene - decane and cumene - naphthalene mixtures on the same plot. 

Curves of the experimental data on coke level as a function of the amount of reactant used, (R), were obtained when the feeds were decane - cumene mixtures and cumene - naphthalene mixtures. Compositions ranged from 100% decane (A = 0) through 100% cumene (A = 100) upto 70%cumene - 30%naphthalene (A = 130). (Larger fractions of naphthalene are not soluble in cumene.) The coking curves are... 

Figure 2. Coke deposited after pulses of cumene-naphthalene mixtures. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 1. Copyright 1994 Elsevier.)...

Figure 7. Activity of catalyst for cumene conversion (by benzene-ring balance) in cumene - naphthalene mixtures as a function of coke on the catalyst.

Most probably, it is mainly lower chlorinated naphthalenes that are still used today. These have been used, for example, as glues for plywood in Finnish plywood plants [33]. Lower chlorinated naphthalenes were used in a product for wood preservation against bugs in Sweden until 1987 when it was stopped, as it was shown to contain higher chlorinated naphthalenes than declared [Asplund, unpublished data]. From our experience, chlorinated naphthalenes mixtures of low chlorination degree also contain small amounts of more highly chlorinated congeners [Asplund and Jakobsson,unpublished]. 

These behaviors can be understood qualitatively if one takes into account that the COJ ethane mixture behaves almost as an ideal mixture and the COJ naphthalene mixture as a highly nonideal one. If the interactions between different species are comparable to those between the species of the same kind, then the fluctuations AiVj and the... 

Two different types of dilute supercritical mixtures were compared from the viewpoint of fluctuations. The first type (a typical example being the COJ naphthalene mixture) represents most of the SC mixtures and the analysis showed that the addition of a small amount of solute to the SCF led to sharp increases of the fluctuations in the composition and in the number of the particles compared to those in the corresponding ideal mixture. The reverse picture was found for the second type of supercritical mixtures, which are represented by theC02/ ethane mixture. The fluctuations in these mixtures were almost identical to those in the corresponding ideal mixtures. 

LCs Obtained during the Calculations Listed in Table 4 for the C02/Naphthalene Mixture. One may note thatyi is somewhat smaller thanyi2, hence, that there is some enrichment of the solvent around a solute molecule. Experimental and integral equation studies have shown that the local density of the solvent around a solute is higher than its bulk density. The calculation of the densities from the mole fractions involves the correlation volume (where the local density differs from the bulk one) which is not available. Consequently, either the enhancement is mainly a density effect or the results reflect a limitation of the model employed. 

Correlations for Diffusion Coefficient Viscosity and Density of C09 Naphthalene Mixture "... 

The above equation (1) was used for calculating diffusivities at pressures higher than critical pressure in this study. The viscosity of the system is approximated as that of pure C02> using experimental data of Stephan and Lucas (7). In addition, the density of the CO 2 -naphthalene mixture is needed at different mixture compositions. These values are obtained from the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (8,9). The standard form of P-R EOS (9) can be written as... 

Dependence upon radiation for heat removal in the case of the old form of reactor was essential since even with the large excesses of air used the heat capacity of the total exit products was insufficient to remove the heat of reaction, especially when die air-naphthalene mixture had been preheated to approximately 350° C. prior to entering the catalyst zone. With the present method of temperature control and heat removal the heat of reaction amounts to about 10,000 B.t.u. per pound of naphthalene fed to the converter. As the proportion of naphthalene burned to com-... 

Assuming that the COj-naphthalene mixture obeys the Peng-Robinson equation of state with C02-n = 0.103, estimate the.solubility of naphthalene in the CO2 supercritical fluid (SCF). Also compute the predicted enhancement factors and the contribution of the Poynting factor to the enhancement factor. 

Alkali Metals. The well-known reaction of PH3 with solutions of alkali metals in liquid NH3 leads to the formation of pure, crystalline dihydrogen phosphides, MPH2, where M = Li, Na [70 to 72], K [70], Rb [70, 73], and Cs [70]. An excess of PH3 is recommended to obtain phosphides which are free of alkali amides [70]. Sodium in diethyl ether/anthracene mixtures or potassium in THF/naphthalene mixtures also give high yields of the corresponding dihydrogen phosphides [74]. Additional details concerning the syntheses of solutions of PHg and the isolation of solid phosphides under various experimental conditions are described in Section 1.2.4.1, p. 102. Earlier reactions of PH3 with Na are described in Natrium Erg.-Bd. 4, 1967, pp. 1541/2. 

Figure 7.12 Impurity content as a result of suspension (melt) crystallization of diphenyl from 80% diphenyl/20% naphthalene mixtures and application of different solid-liquid separation techniques (reproduced with permission from Ref (6j).

Polyimide and polyimide-acryhc systems are processed in chromic acid or plasma.Teflon , and R T Duroid materials are treated (before operations) in sodium-naphthalene mixtures to yield void-free, high-bond-strength copper in the PTH.The introduction of lead-free material and halogen-free material has challenged the desmear processes. The new materials are more chemically resistant, and thus more aggressive desmear cycles are required to remove any smear. These more chemically resistant resin systems are more difficult to texture. Alternative solvents, higher temperatures, and cycle optimization may be required to process these newer materials effectively. 

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