Nanotechnology problems

Merlde (5) argued persuasively that computational chemical force-field techniques are already able to address inportant mechanical nanotechnology problems. Phenomena which are electronic in nature, however, require explicit consideration of the electrons and hence quantum mechanical formulations. Exanples of such phenomena with wide ranging civilian and DoD technological applications include ... 

To avoid the problems described above relative to the interpretation of the results, it is necessary to work at a lower scale. In other words, modern nanotechnology must be used to contact electrically smaller... 

Mattigod, S., Mercury remediation A tiny solution to a big problem—using nanotechnology for adsorbing mercury, Water and Wastewater Products, 9, 20-24. 

There is a very bright future for these electronically well-defined NW building blocks both in fundamental science and in new nanotechnologies. Specifically, we believe that only the very edge of a broad range of ideas has been touched on and that many fascinating fundamental problems remain in these... 

As in all active areas of research, there are several approaches to the development of nanotechnology. One approach involves techniques similar to sculpting, where one starts with a large piece of material and cuts away what is not needed. The problem is that a lot of the material winds up wasted on the cutting room floor. An alternative approach, described in the following section, starts at the bottom or lower end of the scale and builds up from there. An important feature of this approach is the bonding of molecules to make even larger, more complex molecules—supramolecular chemistry. 

One of the most important applications of nanotechnology is medicine. Biology involves many small-scale objects such as the fundamental unit of life—the cell—most of which are about 0.001-0.004 inches (0.0025-0.01 cm) in diameter, and proteins, the large molecules that perform a variety of important functions in the body. Many of the diseases that afflict people arise because of problems with certain cells or proteins. 

Nanotechnology offers the promise of specific targeting in medicine because its size is on the same scale as cells and proteins it needs to find. Instead of flooding the body with medication, medical applications of nanotechnology zooms in on the problem areas. Nanotechnology seeks to hunt down the bad guys while leaving the peaceful population alone. 

Seekers of knowledge satisfy their curiosity about how the world and its organisms work, but the applications of science are not limited to intellectual achievement. The topics in Frontiers of Science affect society on a multitude of levels. Civilization has always faced an uphill battle to procure scarce resources, solve technical problems, and maintain order. In modern times, one of the most important resources is energy, and the physics of fusion potentially offers a nearly boundless supply. Technology makes life easier and solves many of today s problems, and nanotechnology may extend the range of devices into extremely small sizes. Protecting one s personal information in transactions conducted via the Internet is a crucial application of computer science. 

This chapter considers policy on a specific area of technology synthetic chemicals. Synthetic chemicals have been manufactured on a large scale for at least 50 years. Unlike genetic engineering and nanotechnology, they are not considered to be new , but despite the decades of production and use there is still a great deal that we do not know about their effects. Time and again novel synthetic chemicals have been found to cause problems that were not expected. 

In recent years, nanotechnologies have received a great deal of attention in solving delivery problems of water-insoluble compounds. NanoCif Slan Drug Delivery, Inc., King of Prussia,... 

Saf e-Siebert, R., etal., Nanotechnology approaches to solving the problems of poorly water-soluble drugs,Drug Discov. VNforld Summer, 6, 71, 2005. 

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