Nanostructures current

Orimo, S., A. Zuttel, L. Schlapbach, G. Majer, T. Fukunaga, H. Fujii, Hydrogen interaction with carbon nanostructures Current situation and future prospects. /. Alloys Compd. 356-357 716-719, 2003. 

PROCESSES IN SUPERCONDUCTOR-FERROMAGNET NANOSTRUCTURES CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE... 

Orimo S, Zuttel A, Schalapbach L, Majer G, Fukunaga T, Fujii H (2003) Hydrogen interaction with carbon nanostructures current situation and future prospects. J Alloy Compd 356-357 716-719... 

Other templates include the use of ZnO nanorods as nanostructured current collectors to electrodeposit materials. Tong et al. have been instrumental in using these structures as templates to produce core/shell and nanotubular structures. In this case, the template has a relatively good electronic conductivity that allows for direct synthesis of the material on the template. This also allows the ZnO nanorods act as current collectors for electrochemical testing. 

The understanding of the electronic properties of nanostructures is one of the most rapidly advancing areas in science. This has two major implications first, it will lead to the construction of nanocircuitiy and nanocomputers that will use considerably less power than current computers while being faster and smaller and second, it will lead to increasing efficiency and decreasing cost of photovoltaic power conversion ( solar energy ). 

Fig. 3. compares the ammonia conversion for nanostructured vanadia/TiOa catalysts pretreated with O2 and 100 ppm O3/O2 gases. The reactions were conducted at 348 K for 3 h. No N2O and NO byproducts were detected in the reactor outlet. It is clear from the figure that higher vanadium content is beneficial to the reaction and ozone pretreatment yields a more active catalyst. Unlike the current catalysts, which require a reaction temperature of at least 473 K, the new catalyst is able to perform at much lower temperature. Also, unlike these catalysts, complete conversion to nitrogen was achieved with the new catalysts. Table 2 shows that the reaction rate of the new catalysts compared favorably with the established catalysts. 

Within the scope of thermoelectric nanostructures, Sima et al. [161] prepared nanorod (fibril) and microtube (tubule) arrays of PbSei. , Tej by potentiostatic electrodeposition from nitric acid solutions of Pb(N03)2, H2Se03, and Te02, using a 30 fim thick polycarbonate track-etch membrane, with pores 100-2,000 nm in diameter, as template (Cu supported). After electrodeposition the polymer membrane was dissolved in CH2CI2. Solid rods were obtained in membranes with small pores, and hollow tubes in those with large pores. The formation of microtubes rather than nanorods in the larger pores was attributed to the higher deposition current. 

Toyoda T, Tsuboya 1, Shen Q (2005) Effect of rutile-type content on nanostructured anatase-type Ti02 electrode sensitized with CdSe quantum dots characterized with photoacoustic and photoelectrochemical current spectroscopies. Mater Sci Eng C 25 853-857... 

Experiments and simulations show that the characteristics of the nanostructures generated by this procedure are basically given by live parameters the distance between the STM and the substrate, the quantity of material loaded on the tip, the maximum ion current density for the dissolution of the material on the tip, the potential of the substrate, and the diameter of the STM apex. The controlled variation of these five parameters allows tailoring of the diameter and height of the clusters. 

Architectural control of transition metal-directed assembly to construct well-arranged metallo-macrocycles is one of the current research areas to create organized nanostructures for advanced materials.510-513... 

Inspired by the amazing successes of surface scientists in nano structuring surfaces with the tip of an STM, albeit at UHV conditions and often at low temperatures [66-68], electrochemists began to use an STM or AFM as a tool for nanostructuring electrode surfaces, mostly by spatially confined metal deposition. Figure 5.15 summarizes the various routes, which are currently employed in the community for electrochemical nano structuring. In the following, we shall briefly address seven of them, and devote a separate chapter to the case sketched in... 

Figure 5.15 Various approaches to electrochemical nanostructuring with an STM, currently employed by the community.

Zhu, J. and Ziich, M. (2009) Nanostructured materials for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science, 14 (4), 260-269. 

Although some nanostructured carbons are able to store reversibly higher amounts of lithium than graphite [2], they generally demonstrate a high hysteresis (see for example Figure 2) that still precludes their use in lithium-ion batteries. In order to improve their electrochemical properties as electrode materials, a current effort is made to better understand the... 

Ruiz-Hitzky, E. and Darder, M. (eds) (2006) Special Issue on Trends in Biohybrid Nanostructured Materials, Current Nanoscience, 2, 153-294. 

Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, are attractive biopolymers that can be used for biomedical applications [175,176], nanostructure fabrication [177,178], computing [179,180], and materials for electron-conduction [181,182]. Immobilization of DNA and RNA in well-defined nanostructures would be one of the most unique subjects in current nanotechnology. Unfortunately, a silica surface cannot usually adsorb duplex DNA in aqueous solution due to the electrostatic repulsion between the silica surface and polyanionic DNA. However, Fujiwara et al. recently found that duplex DNA in protonated phosphoric acid form can adsorb on mesoporous silicates, even in low-salt aqueous solution [183]. The DNA adsorption behavior depended much on the pore size of the mesoporous silica. Plausible models of DNA accommodation in mesopore silica channels are depicted in Figure 4.20. Inclusion of duplex DNA in mesoporous silicates with larger pores, around 3.8 nm diameter, would be accompanied by the formation of four water monolayers on the silica surface of the mesoporous inner channel (Figure 4.20A), where sufficient quantities of Si—OH groups remained after solvent extraction of the template (not by calcination). 

Lopez, P.J., Gautier, C., Livage, J. and Coradin, T. (2005) Mimicking biogenic silica nanostructures formation. Current Nanoscience, 1, 73—83. 

Forano, C., Vial, S. and Mousty, C. (2006) Current Nanoscience, CNANO, Trends in Biohybrid Nanostructured Materials, 2, 283—294. 

CNTs offer an exciting possibility for developing ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors because of their unique electrical properties and biocompatible nanostructures. Luong et al. have fabricated a glucose biosensor based on the immobilization of GOx on CNTs solubilized in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The as-prepared CNT-based biosensor using a carbon fiber has achieved a picoamperometric response current with the response time of less than 5 s and a detection limit of 5-10 pM [109], When Nation is used to solubilize CNTs and combine with platinum nanoparticles, it displays strong interactions with Pt nanoparticles to form a network that connects Pt nanoparticles to the electrode surface. The Pt-CNT nanohybrid-based glucose biosensor... 

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