Nanostructured macromolecules block copolymers

Linder, S. M. and Thelakkat, M. (2004) Nanostructures of n-type organic semiconductor in a p-type matrix via self-assembly of block copolymers. Macromolecules, 37, 8832-8835. 

X. Kong and S.A. Jenekhe, Block copolymers containing conjugated polymer and polypeptide sequences synthesis and self-assembly of electroactive and photoactive nanostructures, Macromolecules, 37 8180-8183, 2004. 

Tian YQ, Watanabe K, Kong XX, Abe J, lyoda T. 2002. Synthesis, nanostructure, and functionality of amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers with azobenzene moieties. Macromolecules 35 3739 3747. 

The molecular organization of biopolymers is often much more complex than that of polymers synthesized in a chemical laboratory. Work is underway to systematically close this gap. Recent progress in controlled radical polymerization has made it possible to synthesize increasingly complex ionic macromolecules with controlled dimensions and topology. As a result, well-defined ionic block copolymers [10], colloidal [4] and molecular [8] PE brushes, and star-like PEs [9] have become available. In addition to emerging applications, such nanostructures constitute excellent model systems. 

S. M. Lindner, M. Thelakkat, Nanostructures of N-Type Organic Semiconductor in a P-Type Matrix via Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2004, 37, 8832-8835. 

Figure 29 Representative scheme for the preparation of organic-inorganic hybrid nanocylinders through bulk self-assembly followed by cross-linking via sol-gel. (Left) Chemical structure of block copolymers used. (Right) TEM images of films and nanostructures obtained from a series of PTEPM-b-PS block copolymers. Reproduced with permission from Zhang, K. Gao, L. Chen, Y. M. Macromolecules 2001, 40,5916-5922, and Zhang, K. Gao, L. Chen, Y. M. Macromolecules 2m, 41 (5), 1800-1807. ...

V.F. Scalfani, T.S. Bailey, Access to nanostructured hydrogel networks through pho-tocured body-centered cubic block copolymer melts. Macromolecules 44 (2011) 6557-6567. 

This section has discussed a diverse range of self-assembled synthetic macromolecules such as block copolymers and elastm-like polymers for template-directed assembly of different types of inorganic nanoparticles into anisotropic ID nanostructures. In the next section, we introduce a simple and cost-effective approach for directing the assembly of gold nanoparticles into ID structures via self-assembly of a short commercially available surfactant. 

The supramolecular self-assembly approach in the solid state from solution, leading to well defined nanostructures has been discussed in a comprehensive paper that describes the main features related to this method interactions of macromolecules with the substrate surface, design of well defined molecular structure, and use of block copolymers have been considered in a joint experimental-theoretical approach, in view of understanding the structure-property relationship of conjugated nanostructures [30],... 

About a decade ago, the main features (experimental and applicative) governing the self-organization of nanostructured macromolecules were highlighted, with particular emphasis on block copolymers, envisaging the future perspectives for these materials [36]. 

Xu, C., Wayland, B. B., Fryd, M., Winey, K. I. and Composto, R. J. (2006). pH-Responsive Nanostructures Assembled from Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. Macromolecules, 39,6063-6070. 

Ye X, Edwards BJ, Khomami B. Elucidating the formation of block copolymer nanostructures on patterned surfaces A self-consistent field theory study. Macromolecules 2010 43 9594. 

Hoarfrost ML, Segalman RA (2011) Ionic conductivity of nanostructured block copolymer/ ionic liquid membranes. Macromolecules 44(13) 5281-5288. doi 10.1021/ma200060g... 

X.L. Chen and S.A. Jenekhe, Block conjugated copolymers Toward quantum-well nanostructures for exploring spatial confinement effects on electronic, optoelectronic, and optical phenomena. Macromolecules, 1996. 29(19) p. 6189-6192. 

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