Nanocomposites fundamental research

Fischer, H. (2003). Polymer nanocomposites from fundamental research to specific applications. Materials Science and Engineering C, 23, 763-772. 

Some applications are at a fundamental research stage with associated higher risk, i.e. electroless coating, semiconductors, anodising, nanocomposite coatings. 

The work was performed within the framework of Integrated Program of Fundamental Research of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences Nano-structured Systems, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology (project Synthesis of Ferreed Medicobiological Nanocomposites and Investigation of Their Properties ). 

On that basis, the book intends to bridge current issues, aspects and interests from fundamental research to technical apphcations. In seven chapters, the reader will find an arrangement of latest results on fundamental aspects of adhesion, on adhesion in biology, on chemistry for adhesive formulation, on surface chemistry and pretreatment of adherends, on mechanical issues, non-destructive testing and durability of adhesive joints, and on advanced technical applications of adhesive joints. Prominent scientists review the current state of knowledge about the role of chemical bonds in adhesion, about new resins and nanocomposites for adhesives, and about the role of macromolecular architecture for the properties of hot melt and pressure sensitive adhesives. Thus, insight into detailed results and broader overviews as well can be gained from the book. 

Fischer, H. 2003. Polymer nanocomposites From fundamental research to specific applications. Mater Sci Eng C 23 163-112. 

In practice, an infinite variety of polymer/inorganic particle combinations can be envisaged. This article has attempted to summarize the most important issues to be considered for successful formation of such nanocomposite colloids. The ability to tailor the affinity between the organic and inorganic parts is the key to a happy marriage between these two naturally incompatible compounds. However, despite the considerable advances, excitement, and promise of O/I composite latexes, substantial fundamental research is still necessary to provide a deeper understanding of current synthetic methods, develop new processes, and enable further exploitation of these materials. 

In recent years, polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention in both fundamental research and industry and have been considered a new generation of composite materials. They often exhibit excellent mechanical, thermal, and gas barrier properties, and it is predicted that these materials will play an important part in industries as diverse as automotive, packaging, foodstuffs, and aerospace. 

Besides these fundamental research studies, blending BC with other natural polymers (or derivatives), particularly other polysaccharides and proteins, is a very simple and promising strategy for the development of novel nanocomposite materials because of their similar chemical structures and expectable compatibility, renewability, biode-gradabihty and panoply of different physico-chemical and biological properties. 

The current state of polymer nanocomposite flammability research should by now be obvious, but some summary and review is needed to put this information into perspective. To date, we understand the following to be fundamentally important to polymer nanocomposite flammability ... 

Fischer H (2003) Polymer Nanocomposites Fi-om Fundamental Research to Specific Applications, Mat Sci Engin, C 23 763-772. 

Fisher FI (2003), Pol5mier nanocomposites from fundamental research to specific apphcations , Mater Sci Eng C,23, 763-72. 

In an effort to understand how geometric factors, such as aspect ratio and dispersion of nanoplatelets, influence the mechanical and physical properties of polymer nanocomposites, significant research efforts have been carried out in recent years [6-9], However, fundamental knowledge is still largely lacking. 

Research tools and fundamental understanding New catalyst design for effective integration of bio-, homo- and heterogeneous catalysis New approaches to realize one-pot complex multistep reactions Understanding catalytic processes at the interface in nanocomposites New routes for nano-design of complex catalysis, hybrid catalytic materials and reactive thin films New preparation methods to synthesize tailored catalytic surfaces New theoretical and computational predictive tools for catalysis and catalytic reaction engineering... 

This chapter covers fundamental and applied research on polyester/clay nanocomposites (Section 31.2), which includes polyethylene terephthalate (PET), blends of PET and poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxy-late) (PEN), and unsaturated polyester resins. Section 31.3 deals with polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites, including blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Section 31.4 analyzes the fire-retardant properties of nanocomposites made of high impact polystyrene (HIPS), layered clays, and nonhalogenated additives. Section 31.5 discusses the conductive properties of blends of PET/PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate)) and PET/HDPE combined with several types of carbon... 

In further quest for development of more efficient materials, clue had been provided by ongoing mixed (interdisciplinary) research. Intelligently the immediate inspiration was drawn from mixed systems (i.e., blends, alloys or composites) based on conventional polymers, metals, and ceramics. Soon it was realized that the already established wide applicability of CPs/ICPs can be further expended by formation of multiscale/multiphase systems, e.g., a wide variety of electronically, electrochemically, and/or optoelec-tronically active blends (BLNs), conjugated copolymers (CCPs) and composites (CMPs) [both bulk or nanocomposites (NCs)] or hybrids (HYBs) [11,14-16,52,109,113,120,128,131,132,191-205]. The next section of the chapter covers the fundamental aspects of CP-based BLNs, CCPs, and NCs/ HYBs. In particular, their definitions (including etymology), types, properties, synthetic routes, and practical applications have been discussed with the help of suitable examples from the open literature. 

Many technical challenges remain for the use of nanocomposite materials in future optical applications. These challenges cover the fundamental and experimental aspects of the research in materials, designs, and devices. The progress made in nanomaterials and nanotechnology has been encouraging and has allowed the fabrication and use of new nanostructures such as nanopartides, nanowires, nanorods, quantum dots in numerous new applications. It is expected that the... 

Micron-sized fillers, such as glass fibers, carbonfibers, carbon black, talc, and micronsized silica particles have been considered as conventional fillers. Polymer composites filled with conventional fillers have been widely investigated by both academic and industrial researchers. A wide spectrum of archival reports is available on how these fillers impact the properties. As expected, various fundamental issues of interest to nanocomposites research, such as the state of filler dispersion, filler-matrix interactions, and processing methods, have already been widely analyzed and documented in the context of conventional composites, especially those of carbon black and silica-filled rubber compounds [16], It is worth mentioning that carbon black (CB) could not be considered as a nanofiller. There appears to be a general tendency in contemporary literature to designate CB as a nanofiller - apparently derived from... 

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