Naming compounds hydro- prefix

When the two conditions of paragraph (a) are not fulfilled, positions in the skeleton of the corresponding hydrocarbon that are occupied by hetero atoms are denoted by a prefixes, and the parent heterocyclic compound is considered to be that which contains the maximum number of conjugated or isolated double bonds, but the corresponding hydrocarbon is named in the form in which it contains the maximum number of non-cumulative double bonds. Hydrogen additional to that present in the parent heterocyclic compound is named by hydro prefixes and/or as H in front of the a terms. 

Radicals from partially hydrogenated heterocycles may be named in two ways in the usual manner, using the appropriate hydro prefix for the parent compound, or by use of the indicated hydrogen convention (italic capital H and locant, enclosed in parentheses). The symbol for the indicated hydrogen must be written immediately following the locant for the radical site, e.g. (163). 

To name an acid, look at the formula and decide whether the compound is an oxoacid. If so, the name must reflect the number of oxygen atoms, according to Table 2.4. If the compound is not an oxoacid, it is named using the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid. 

A few metalloid derivatives are named according to the parent heterocycle, e.g., (VII), M = 2, are metalloindanes and (VII), = 3, are metallochroman derivatives or metallonaphthalene derivatives (hydro prefixes are required to denote saturation). Thus, compounds of structural type (VIII) are metal derivatives of isoindane or isochroman. 

An acid can be described as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H ) when dissolved in water. (H is equivalent to one proton, and is often referred to that way.) Formulas for acids contain one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an anionic group. Anions whose names end in -ide have associated acids with a hydro- prefix and an -ic ending, as shown in Table 2.5. In some cases two different names are assigned to the same chemical formula. For instance, HCl is known as both hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid. The name used for this compound... 

Individual compound names are derived from parent names in the usual way by specifying the degree of hydrogenation (with -ene, -yne, hydro- and dehydro-) e.g. 84 and 85) and the substituents (with appropriate prefixes and suffixes). However, there are other ways in which parent names can be modified. Changes in stereochemistry can be indicated by use of the prefix ent- (meaning a reversal in configuration of all asymmetric centres) or by... 

Many hydrogen compounds are acids. Acids require a different system of nomenclature than other compounds. There are two types of acids binary acids and ternary acids. All acids include the word acid in their name. Binary acids contain only two elements one of which is hydrogen and the other a nonmetal. When naming binary acids, the prefix hydro- appears before the root name of the nonmetal, and there will be an -ic suffix. As an acid, H2S would be hydrosulfuric acid. We used H2S to illustrate the fact that there can be two possible names, hydrogen sulfide or hydrosulfuric acid. If your instructor does not specify which name to use, either is correct. Technically, the name hydrosulfuric acid only applies to aqueous solutions of H2S, H2S(aq). 

In addition to the oxoacids, there are a small number of other acids, such as HC1, that do not contain oxygen. Although the pure, gaseous compound HC1 is named hydrogen chloride according to the rules for binary compounds, the aqueous solution is named hydrochloric acid, HCl(a ). This example is typical of non-oxygen-containing acids The prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic acid are used for the aqueous solution in such cases. 

Nomenclature of Salts. — Salts containing only two elements follow the rule for binary compounds, aiid hence end in -ide. This suffix is added to an abbreviated form of the name of the non-metal, e.g. chloride, bromide, duor-ide, etc. Notice that the prefix hydro- is omitted, and that the name of the metal precedes, c.g. sodium chloride, potassium bromide, calcium fluoride, etc. It will soon be shown experimentally that salts may be regarded as derived from... 

Naming binary acids A binary acid contains hydrogen and one other element. When naming a binary acid, use the prefix hydro- to name the hydrogen part of the compound. The rest of the name consists of a form of the root of the second element plus the suffix -ic, followed by the word acid. For example, HBr in a water solution is called hydrobromic acid. 

Binary acids are compounds in which H is bonded to a Group VIA elemeut other than O or to a Group VILA element they act as acids when dissolved in water. The pure compounds are named as typical binary compounds. Their aqueous solutions are named by modifying the characteristic stem of the nonmetal with the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic followed by the word acid. The stem for sulfur iu this iustauce is sulfur rather thau sulf. ... 

When a compound body possesses a sour taste, reddens vegetable blue colours, and neutralises alkalies, it is called an acid. If composed of oxygen united to a metalloid, such as carbon, or a metal, such as chromium, the acid is simply named from the metalloid or metal, as carbonic acid, chromic acid. But if the acid contains hydrogen united to a metalloid, the word hydro is prefixed as hydro-chloric acid (hydrogen and chlorine), hydro-sulphuric acid (hydrogen and sulphur), c. 

There are two general types of inorganic acids binary and oxyacids. Binary acids are composed of just two elements hydrogen and some other nonmetal, e.g., HCI and H2S. These acids are named by placing the prefix hydro before and the suffix ic after the nonmetal element the compound ends with the word acid. For example, when hydrogen is combined with chlorine, the ine is dropped from... 

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