Mycosis infection

Kohno S, Masaoka T, Yamaguchi H, Mori T, Urabe A, Ito A, Niki Y, Ikemoto H. (2004) A multicenter, open-label clinical study of micafungin (fk463) in the treatment of deep-seated mycosis in japan. Scand J Infect Dis 36 372-379. 

Infections due to fungi are usually confined to the skin or mucous membranes local or superficial mycosis. However, in immune deficiency states, internal organs may also be affected systemic or deep mycosis. 

In 1989, Tanida et al. reported the isolation of a 10-methoxy derivative of staurosporine, TAN-999 (296) from the culture broths of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei C-71425 in its optically active form [a]o +42.0 (c 0.50, DME). This isolate functions as a macrophage activator, useful for the treatment of mycosis, bacterial infection, and cancer (291,292). 

Clinicians should not prescribe glucocorticoid-containing eye-drops unless they have performed a slit-lamp examination with tonometry, have assurance of appropriate followup, and understand the differential diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. Unless clearly indicated, prescribing volumes larger than 5 ml or providing refillable prescriptions should be avoided. It should be stressed that excessive use of glucocorticoids can result in corneal Herpes infection and mycosis. 

Aureobasidium pullulans, a common dimorphic endophyte of grapevine [305] and saprophyte on plant leaves, occurs in addition as an allergenic fungus [297, 307] and as a rare opportunistic pathogen in humans, where it caused keratitis, pulmonary infection, systemic infections, cutaneous infection, peritonitis, and invasive mycosis in an AIDS patient [80]. Complete 18S as well as partial 26 S rDNA sequences corroborate a relationship of Aureobasidium species with Dothideales (fig. 3) [16, 89, 300]. 

Kamei K, Unno H, Nagao K, Kuriyama T, Nishimura K, Miyaji M Allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by the basidiomycetous fungus Schizophyllum commune. Clin Infect Dis 1994 18 305-309. 

Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma is also diagnosed through lymph tissue biopsy. Several lymphomas have been identified, but have little in common. Burkitt s lymphoma, prevalent among Central African children, is characterized by enlargement of the lymph nodes under the jaw. In contrast with most lymphomas whose causes are unclear, Burkitt s lymphoma has been linked to infection with the Epstein-Barr virns. Mycosis fungoides is a rare T cell lymphoma that affects the skin. 

Fungal infections superficial dermatophyte or Candida infections purely involving the skin can be treated with a topical imidazole (e.g. clotrimazole, miconazole). Pityriasis versicolor, a yeast infection, primarily involves the trunk m young adults it responds poorly to imidazoles but topical terbinafine or selenium sulphide preparations are effective severe infection may require systemic itraconazole. Invasion of hair or nails by a dermatophyte or a deep mycosis requires systemic therapy terbinafine is the most effective drug. Terbinafine and griseo-fulvin are ineffective against yeasts, for which itraconazole is an alternative. Itraconazole can be used in weekly pulses each month for 3-4 months it is less effective against dermatophytes than terbinafine. 

Hepatobiliary organ mycosis may be caused by several fungal species, whereby the Candida species by far outnumber the others. With the exception of Candida sp. and Mucor sp., all hepatotoxic fungi have an airborne route of infection, (s. tab. 26.2)... 

Liposomal amphotericin and ABLC have been compared in an open randomized study in 75 adults with leukemia and 82 episodes of suspected or documented mycosis (48). The median durations of treatment and dosages were 15 days at 4 mg/kg/day for liposomal amphotericin and 10 days at 3 mg/kg/day for ABLC. Acute but not dose-limiting infusion-related adverse events occurred in 36 versus 70%. Bilirubin increased to over 1.5 times baseline in 59 versus 38%. There was no difference in the effects of either agent on renal function and drug-related withdrawals. The overall response rate to therapy in documented fungal infections (29 and 30% respectively) was not different between the two drugs. 

---