Selenium sulphide

Selenium sulphide, coal tar, ketoconazole and salicylic acid are agents that can be used in dandruff. Permethrin is an insecticide indicated in the eradication of head lice. Permethrin is available as alcoholic or aqueous lotions. 

Dry hydrogen sulphide interacts with selenium oxychloride with the formation of yellow selenium sulphide and evolution of hydrogen chloride. There is a development of heat which dissociates the selenium sulphide into sulphur and red selenium. Sulphur dioxide has no action on the hot anhydrous oxychloride, but if water is present there is a deposition of selenium. Sulphur trioxide is soluble in selenium oxychloride, forming a thick solution which is a very powerful solvent for the oxides of the rare earth metals. When the oxychloride is brought into contact with finely divided barium sulphate, the latter is at once peptised and becomes gelatinous in appearance,1 but when subsequently treated with water the sulphate immediately changes back to the ordinary form. 

In human applications, bis(pyridine-2-thiol-l-oxidato)zinc chelate has bacteriocidal and fungicidal properties comparable with selenium sulphide but is less toxic to mammals, making it suitable for controlling dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis138. ... 

SYNS NCI-C50033 selenium sulfide SELENIUM SULPHIDE SELENSULFID (GERMAN) SULFUR SELENIDE... 

Seborrhoeic dermatitis dandruff fPityriosis capitis) A proprietary shampoo with pyrithione, selenium sulphide or coal car ketoconazole shampoo in more severe cases. Occasionally a corticosteroid lotion may be necessary. Keratolycics, e.g. Cocois are helpful if there is much scaling. ... 

Fungal infections superficial dermatophyte or Candida infections purely involving the skin can be treated with a topical imidazole (e.g. clotrimazole, miconazole). Pityriasis versicolor, a yeast infection, primarily involves the trunk m young adults it responds poorly to imidazoles but topical terbinafine or selenium sulphide preparations are effective severe infection may require systemic itraconazole. Invasion of hair or nails by a dermatophyte or a deep mycosis requires systemic therapy terbinafine is the most effective drug. Terbinafine and griseo-fulvin are ineffective against yeasts, for which itraconazole is an alternative. Itraconazole can be used in weekly pulses each month for 3-4 months it is less effective against dermatophytes than terbinafine. 

Paterson S, Orrell S 1995 Treatment of biting lice (Damalinia equi) in 25 horses using 1 % selenium sulphide. Equine Veterinary Education 7 304-306 Pereira M C, Kohek I Jr, Campos R et al 1991 A field evaluation of antheimintics for control of cyathostomes of horses in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitoiogy 38 121-129 Perez R, Cabezas i, Garcia M et al 1999 Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of moxidectin (Equest ) and ivermectin (Eqvalan ) in horses. Journai of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 22 174-180... 

Pyrithione zinc s action is thought to be due to a non-specific toxicity for epidermal cells selenium sulphide is believed to have a direct antimitotic effect. 

Selenium sulphide is used twice weekly for 2 weeks, then weekly as necessary. Two applications per treatment should be used, and each left on the hair for 3 minutes. 

Both pyrithione zinc and selenium sulphide are safe for long-term use but selenium sulphide is highly toxic if ingested orally. 

Regular use of selenium sulphide shampoo tends to leave a residual odour of hydrogen sulphide and makes the scalp oily the hair should not be dyed or permed for at least 2 days either side of using the product. 

Neither compound is contraindicated in pregnancy or breastfeeding, but selenium sulphide should not be used during the first trimester of pregnancy. 

Selenium sulphide shampoo is not recommended for use in children under 5 years. 

In a second method air (500 litres) is drawn at 33.3 litres per minute through a glass-fibre pad treated with cadmium acetate and sodium sulphide. The pad is then removed for determination of mercury. The active carbon or the cadmium sulphide pad is ignited in the apparatus of Sargeant et al, the absorbent replacing the iodised carbon and the mineral wool being omitted. The color produced on selenium sulphide test paper is compared with a color chart. Both methods are applicable to the determination of ethylmercury dicyanidiamide, The first method only, is applicable to diethylmercury. 

After the review of case series and literature, six patients were found to develop orange to red-brown scalp discolouration after application of selenium sulphide-containing shampoos [62 ]. In all of the cases, the discolouration resolved shortly after discontinuing the selerrium sulphide. Light swab of isopropyl alcohol facilitated the removal of discolouration. This simple technique is a painless diagnostic method, and may prevent unnecessary evaluation with a biopsy. 

Gilbertson K, Jarrett R, Bayliss SJ, Berk DR. Scalp discoloration from selenium sulphide shampoo a case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol 2012 29(1) 84 88. 

Dry or wet sample digestion before FAAS determination (e.g. in organomercurial compounds determination as mercury or selenium sulphide determination as selenium). 

---