Mustard, Brassica

Muller reported that black mustard (Brassica nigra) can form almost pure stands after invading annual grasslands of coastal southern California (25). This was attributed to inhibitors released from the dead stalks and leaves which do not permit germination and growth of other plants. These observations provide agronomists hope that similar results could be exploited with crops, specifically to achieve almost pure stands of crops (over weeds) by use of an allelopathic mechanism. 

The total monetary loss resulting from weed competition in the cereal crops was 1.3 billion annually. The most frequently reported weeds were mustards (Brassica spp.) followed by wild oats (Avena fatua L.), bromes (Bromus spp.), and wild garlic (Allium vineale L.) (11). Losses in vegetables was 5% of the total while in fruit and nuts the loss was 7% of the total. Crabgrass, bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L. )... 

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacae), birds foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), and kenaf (Hibiscus cannibinus) have been used to reduce soil Se levels near Los Banos, California. Total Se concentrations in soil depths from 0 to 60 cm were lower in all cropped plots than in the bare plots after four years (Banuelos, 2000). The efficiency of Se lost from the soil after four years for each of the four crop rotations was in the range of 17-60% (Banuelos, 2000). The cropped plots with only tall fescue had 25% lower soil Se concentrations after four... 

Ebbs S.D., Kochian L.V. Phytoextraction of zinc by oat (aAvena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Environ Sc Technol 1998 32 802-806. 

Sinigrin Allyl Black mustard Brassica nigra), horseradish (Amoracia rusticana)... 

The interaction of weeds with crops may be positive too. In a study, controlled densities of wild mustard (Brassica campestris L. var. italica) interplanted with broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Premium Crop) increased the yield by 50% (Jimenez-Osomio and Gliessman 1987). 

Conklin AE, Erich MS, liebman M, Lambert D, Gallandt ER, Halteman WA (2002) Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) green manure and compost soil amendments on wild mustard (Brassica kaber) growth and incidence of disease. Plant Soil 238 245-256 Cook SM, Khan ZR, Pickett JA (2007) The use of push-pull strategies in integrated pest management. Annu Rev Entomol 52 375-400... 

Kohlrabi Brassica oleracea Gongylodes Group) Mizuna greens Brassica rapa var. nipposinica) Mustard Brassica hirta)... 

MORNING GLORY (Ipomoea purpurea Roth) MUSTARD (Brassica pekinensis)... 

Allelopathic Interference in a Wild Mustard (Brassica campestris L.) and Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) Intercrop Agroecosystem... 

Jeffers, G.M., J.T. O Donovan, and L.M. Hall (1996). Wild mustard (Brassica kaber) resistance to ethametsulfuron but not to other herbicides. Weed Technol., 10 847-850. 

Jimenez-Osornio J. J., S, R. Gliessman. Allelopathic interference in a wild mustard (Brassica campestris L.) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) intercrop agroecosystem. In Allelochemicals, Role in Agriculture and Forestry, Waller G.R. ed. ACS Symp. Ser. 330. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, USA, 1987 pp. 262-274. 

Milk—or chemically modified milk proteins, lactates, caseinians Mustard (Brassica spp.), brown, mustard flour, extract, oil Papain (Carica papaya L.)... 

Mustard Brassica nigra (L.) Koch Seed Canada, Denmark, Ethiopia, UK, India... 

Se-enriched and normal garlic Se-enriched and normal onion Indian mustard (.Brassica juncea) ... 

MERRITT, S.Z., Within-plant variation in concentrations of amino acids, sugar, and sinigrin in phloem sap of black mustard, Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Cruciferae)., J. Chem. Ecol., 1996,22, 1133-1145. 

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