Mussels oyster

Among the invertebrates, most of the world s production is associated with mussels, oysters, shrimp, scallops, and clams. Crawfish culture is of considerable importance in the United States, but amounted to only 24,211 metric tons in 1992 (4) insignificant compared to some other invertebrate species. 

Bivalve shellfish, primarily mussels, oysters, scallops... 

Salt Nematodes, amphipods, oligochaetes Oligochaetes, fiddler crabs, mud crabs, periwinkles, snails, mussels, oysters, clams... 

Parasitic stages, on the other hand, generally do not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor but use fermentative processes to obtain most of their ATP. For these stages, an uneconomical energy metabolism is not detrimental, as the host provides the nutrients. Most adult flatworms inside the final host produce end products of a fermentative carbohydrate breakdown, such as succinate, acetate, propionate and lactate. These end products are formed via malate dismutation, a fermentative pathway, which is present in all types of parasitic worms (flatworms as well as many nematodes), but which is also present in animals like freshwater snails, mussels, oysters and other marine organisms. Malate dismutation is linked to a specially... 

SALT MARSH SNAILS DEPOSIT-FEEDING CRABS MUD SNAILS RIBBED MUSSELS OYSTERS... 

Considerable proportion of / ,//-DDT in DDTs was found in green mussel, oyster, and marine fish from several locations during the period of... 

After a treatment of general aspects of metals in the marine environment, specific target organisms, mainly bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters) and tunicates are considered. The latter class of marine organisms, commonly referred to as sea squirts, allows us to trace the pathway of a specific element, vanadium, from outer to inner environment. 

The bio concentration of chemicals is generally considered to be a partitioning process of the chemicals between the lipids of aquatic organisms, such as fish, mussels, oysters etc., and the water. This process is controlled by the relative solubilities or activities of the chemical in the lipids of the aquatic organisms and... 

This cold extraction method is successfully performed in our and other laboratories for more than 20 years. Because hexane is neurotoxic, isohexane or heptane can be used as a hydrophobic solvent. A modified method can also be used as a semi-micro method for the lipid determination in fish, mussels, oysters, Daphnia, and other aquatic organisms or tissues. 

A9.5.2.3.6 If there is no BCF value for fish species, high-quality data on the BCF value for other species may be used (e.g. BCF determined on blue mussel, oyster, scallop (ASTM E 1022-94)). Reported BCFs for microalgae should be used with caution. 

Thirty different types of Chinese edible seafood, including brown algae, red algae, fish, crab, shrimp, mussels, oysters, and clams, which are very popular foodstuffs in the Chinese cuisine, were examined for their total content of arsenic as well as its different compounds [146]. 

Aquaculture in ponds and other enclosures, and mariculture in enclosures in seawater, produce shellfish, crustaceans and fish for human consumption. It is therefore of vital importance (for the organisms and for the consumers) that the water quality is optimal, and regular testing is essential to prove that pollution is absent. BEWS are very suitable to carry out this task, as several test organisms belong to the same group as the cultured species mussels, oysters, clams and fish. There seems no reason why other BEWS could not perform in freshwater aquaculture systems as well. BEWS not only monitor the quality of the ambient water in aquaculture farms, but may also be used to optimize production. Stressed animals are less productive in terms of e.g. growth... 

About 10% of the world s harvest of sea food, that is to say about 2.7 million tons, consists of invertebrate animals. Of this quantity, about half are shrimps, crabs, and lobsters about 36 % are mussels, oysters, clams, and scallops about 5% are squid. The rest are miscellaneous varieties like sea cucumbers, snails, abalone, sea urchin, and so on. 

In bivalves (clams, mussels, oysters), the arsenobetaine contents dominate, and As ", As, DMA, MMA and other arsenic species in variable amounts are also present (Dagnac et al. 1998, McSheehy etal. 2003). The same applies in principle to marine mammals, including the porpoise, seal and whale (McSheehy etal. 2003). In marine sponges, arsenobetaine occurs as the main compound, though arsenosugars also occur (Yamaoka etal. 2001). Examples of... 

Included here are novel arsenic compounds reported in environmental samples over the last five years. Dimethylarsinoylacetate was identified as a naturally occurring arsenical in marine reference materials of mussel, oyster, and lobster hepatopancreas (36). This compound had been proposed as a possible intermediate in the formation of arsenobetaine (31). More recently, however, arsenobetaine was found to degrade to dimethylarsinoylacetate under aerobic microbial conditions (37), and such a biotransformation suggests an alternative hypothesis for the presence of dimethylarsinoylacetate in marine samples. 

Aquatic-environment accumulator Clams Mussels Oysters Fish Sediment Sludge Macroalgae Waterfowl Bivalve molluscs (clams and mussels) integrate sediment and water sludge can indicate municipal and industrial pollution... 

The accuracy of our method (Lebiedzinska et al. 2007) was estimated by analysing a certified reference material (CRM 487 pig s liver), and the recoveries ranged from 96.5-100.5%. The method offers excellent linearity, good repeatability and reproducibility, and a relatively short analysis time (17 min). The limits of quantification (LOQ) for PM, PL, PN and vitamin B12 in seafood (in a 2g sample) were 2.1, 2.01, 0.99 and 0.11ngml , respectively. The proposed high sensitivity and selectivity of the HPLC-ED method upgraded by a coulometric detector with isocratic elution enabled accurate determination of vitamins Bg and B12 in fish, mussels, oysters and other seafood products. 

Embedded colonies of hard organisms such as crustaceans, mussels, oysters and barnacles that are hard to get rid of and give rise to pitting corrosion under deposits by differential aeration. 

Since 1986 the NOAA MWP has monitored concentration of trace chemicals in the Coastal United States by sampling mussels, oysters and sediment, hi 2006 a followup on the chemicals concentration in mussels and oysters collected along the US coast (O Connor and Lauenstein 2006) was published as a continuation to the previous works published by O Connor in 1998 and 2002 related to MWP results on various contaminants including PAHs (O Connor 1998, 2002). The median annual concentrations of total PAHs for 2000/2001 and 2002/2003 were 140 and 220 ng/g dw, respectively. The resulting data showed that concentration of lindane and high molecular weight PAHs were deaeasing at that time on national level when compared with data from previous years. 

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