Aquaculture systems

Ultraviolet (uv) light has also been used to stetili2e the water in aquaculture systems. The effectiveness of uv decreases with the thickness of the water column being treated, so the water is usually flowed past uv lights as a thin film (alternatively, the water may flow through a tube a few cm in diameter that is surrounded by uv lights). Uv systems require more routine maintenance than o2one systems. Uv bulbs lose their power with time and need... 

Raceway aquaculture systems, 3 193-194 Rack plating, 9 768 Ractopamine, 13 2, 14, 16 Radappertization, 3 655 Radar systems, vitreous silica in, 22 442 Radialene, 21 144 Radial flow impellers, 16 673, 684 flooding with, 16 701... 

Carmignani GM, Bennett JP. 1976. Leaching of plastics used in closed aquaculture systems. Aquaculture 7 89-91. 

Physiological Strategies To Control Geosmin Synthesis in Channel Catfish Aquaculture Systems... 

It has been suggested that microbial cata holism of off-flavor metabolites may be enhanced to provide an effective method ) control off-flavors. Indeed, microbial cultures have been reported to degrade relatively high levels of off-flavor metabolites (53, 54, 55), but whether microbial activity can be used practically to improve the flavor quality of aquaculture systems remains to be determined. 

Geosmin synthesis in channel catfish aquaculture systems, 322-333 biosynthesis, 328-329 occurrence in organisms, 324,325r odor quality, 13 synthesis, 322,323/ synthetic mutant selection, 330-333 Glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate polymerization, 224,225/ synthesis and toxicity, 222,224 Glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate polymers potential applications, 226r properties, 224-227... 

WMT, Mechanical Filtration—Microscreening, Water Management Technologies, Aquaculture System Design, Integration and Eqnipment Snpply, Hydrotech Drum Filter, URL http //www.w-m-t.com., 2004. 

Aquaculture in ponds and other enclosures, and mariculture in enclosures in seawater, produce shellfish, crustaceans and fish for human consumption. It is therefore of vital importance (for the organisms and for the consumers) that the water quality is optimal, and regular testing is essential to prove that pollution is absent. BEWS are very suitable to carry out this task, as several test organisms belong to the same group as the cultured species mussels, oysters, clams and fish. There seems no reason why other BEWS could not perform in freshwater aquaculture systems as well. BEWS not only monitor the quality of the ambient water in aquaculture farms, but may also be used to optimize production. Stressed animals are less productive in terms of e.g. growth... 

In recognition of enviromnental problems by effluent from fish farms, freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, has been used to treat pond water by removing cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis from aquaculture systems (Stuart et al., 2001). Similar studies have been carried out to treat effluent from shrimp farms and other aquaculture operations. 

Stuart, K.R., Eversole, A.G. and Brune, D.E. Eiltration of green algae and cyanobacteria by freshwater mussels in the partitioned aquaculture system, J. World Aquacult. Soc., 32(1), 105, 2001. 

Drapcho C. M. and D. E. Brune (2000) The partitioned aquaculture system impact of design and environmental parameters on algal productivity and photosynthetic oxygen production. Aquacultural Engineering 21, 151-168... 

Boley, A., Muller, W.R. and Haider, G. (2000) Biodegradable polymers as solid substrate and biofilm carrier for denitrification in recirculated aquaculture systems. Acquacultural Engineering, 22, 75-86. 

The selection of a suitable site for a hatchery is crucial to the cost of establishing and running the hatchery, and thus to the hatchery s economic efficiency. The better and more suitable the raw water quaUty is, the less water treatment is necessary, leading to a reduction in investment and running costs. Theoretically, hatcheries may also be established where the raw water sources are less than optimal, but these will require more water treatment, resulting in higher production costs. For sub-optimal sites, recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) are an alternative because the amount of raw water that has to be treated will be reduced. 

GOOD c, DAVIDSON J et al. (2010) The effects of carbon dioxide on performance and histopathology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss in water recirculation aquaculture systems. Aquacultural Engineering 42(2) 51-56. 

VIRKUTYTE J and jegatheesan V (2009) Electro-Fenton, hydrogenotrophic and Fe2-E ions mediated TOC and nitrate removal from aquaculture system Different experimental strategies. Bioresource Technology 100(7) 2189-2197. 

FAULK c K and holt g j (2005) Advances in rearing cobia Rachycentron canadum larvae in recirculating aquaculture systems Live prey enrichment and greenwater culture. Aquaculture, 249, 231-243. 

EBELING J M (2000) Engineering aspects of recirculating aquaculture systems. Marme Technology Society Journal, 34, 68-78. 

GULLIAN M, ESPINOSA-FALLER F J, NUNEZ A and LOPEZ-BARAHONA N (2012) Effect of turbidity on the ultraviolet disinfection performance in recirculating aquaculture systems with low water exchange. Aquaculture Research, 43, 595-606. 

J p, d orbcastel e r and verreth j a j (2010) New developments in recirculating aquaculture systems in Europe A perspective on environmental sustainability. Aquacultural Engineering, 43,83-93. 

Historically, antibiotics have been employed prophylactically and curatively to treat bacterial infections in aquaculture systems, in particular in the hatchery environment. Sulfamerazine has been used in US aquaculture since 1948 and antibiotics in general have undoubtedly been instrumental in the commercial success of many aquaculture hatcheries (Alderman and Michel, 1992). However, few antibiotics have been approved by authorities for use in seafood aquaculture and most are restricted to experimental use, or are used off-label (Lucchetti et al, 2004). Indeed, in the USA only four antibiotics have been approved for use in aquaculture - oxytetracycline, florfenicol, ormethoprim/sulfadimethoxine and sulfamerazine - whereas in Japan over 30 antibiotics have been approved for use in aquaculture (Reimschuessel and Miller, 2006). Although antibiotics are effective control measures, there are significant environmental consequences relating to... 

CANO-GOMEZ A, BOURNE D G, HALL M R, OWENS L and H0I L (2009) Moleculat identification, typing and tracking of Vibrio harveyi in aquaculture systems Current methods and future prospects. Aquaculture, 287,1-10. 

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