Muslin filter

Or Agitate strained whito of egg with 10 or 12 times its bulk of alcohol, and collect the fiocculent precipitate on a muslin filter. Dry it at a temperature not over 120° Fahr. 

Muslin filters are only used for coarse filtration. 

Official Preparation of Antimony Trioxide (antimonii oxidum) — Sulplude of antimony in very fine powder, 4 oz. troy hydrochloric acid, 18 oz, troy nitric acid, 1 oz. troy liquor ammonise, IJ fl. oz. distilled water. The sulphide is put into a flask containing hydrochloric acid, and is then digested by means of a sand-bath until effervescence ceases. Thai add nitric acid gradually. When the nitrous acid vapours have ceased to be given off, the solution is allowed to cool. Add half a pint of water and filter. Pour the filtered liquid gradually into 12 pints of water, constantly stir it, and allow the precipitate to subside Decant the liquid and wash the precipitate twice- on each occasion with 8 pints of water. Then transfer it to a muslin filter to drain, and wash it until the acid reaction ceases. Introduce it into a vessel and subject it to the action of liquor ammonias for two hours. Then transfer it to a muslin filter and wash it until the filtrate gives no precipitate when silver nitrate is added. Dry it finally in a gentle heat. 

If any filters or straining bags made firm natural materials such as canvas, muslin or paper are used, care must be taken to ensure that they are cleaned and sterilized regularly to prevent the growth of moulds such as Cladosporium spp., Stachybotrys spp., ardAureobasidium (Pullularia)pullulans, which utilize cellulose and would impair them. 

Resuspend the cells in prewarmed growth medium and filter through muslin or cheesecloth (filter funnels with muslin held in place with autoclave tape can be wrapped in aluminium foil or Kraft paper and sterilised by autoclaving). 

Filtering through Muslin. — Precipitates which are not too finely divided may be filtered off through a filter-cloth (muslin) stretched over a wooden frame (filter-fra me) (Fig. 42). A square piece of muslin or linen, after being thoroughly moistened, is... 

Arrowroot Starchy—In the West Indies the roots of Maranta arundinacea are utilized for the preparation of arrowroot. The long, jointed, tap-shaped roots are first soaked in water and washed, then peeled with knives to remove tlie skin which contains a resin that would communicate an unpleasant taste to the starch, and also discolour it. The roots are then pulped by cnishing them, and the pulp is washed through perforations in a cylinder with water to separate the fibre. The milk is filtered through muslin, settled and washed repeatedly, and finally dried in shallow copper pans covered with muslin to keep out dust. The roots yield about 19 per cent, of starch aud give 22 cwts. of air-dried starch, containing 14 per cent, of moisture, per acre. 

The French developed the M-2 mask , consisting of 20 layers of muslin impregnated with Greasene and another 20 impregnated with Complexene . The mask had twin circular celluloid lenses and a weatherproof flap for rain protection, but no outlet valve or filter canister. The M-2 was followed by the Tissot mask , with a thin, moulded rubber facepiece incorporating eyepieces, a flapper-type rubber exhale valve and a flexible, fabric-covered hose running over the shoulder to a filter canister worn in a harness on the back. The Tissot mask also ducted air over the eyepieces to help demist them a feature still used in most present-day respirators. 

The forms of filters, and tho substances of which they aro composed, are various, and depend upon tho nature of the liquids for which they are intended. On tho small scale, funnels of tin, zinc, copper, wedgwood ware, earthenware, glass, or porcelain, are commonly employed as the containing vessels. The mtering medium may bo any substance of a sufficiently spongy or porous nature to allow of the free percolation of tho liquid, and whose pores arc, at the same time, sufficiently fine to render it limpid or transparent. Un sited paper, flannel, linen, muslin, cotton-wood, felt. Band, coarsely-powdered charcoal, porous stone or earthenware, and numerous other substances of a similar kind are employed for this purooso. 

Tartrate of Potasaa. Dissolve 8 ounces carbonate of potash in 2 quarts distilled water whilst boiling hot, add gradually 1 pound, more or less, of bitartrate of potassa (cream of tartar) in fine powder, until the solution is neutralized, or ceases to change the color of either blue or reddened litmus paper. Filter through muslin, and evaporate until a pellicle forms on tho surface then set it aside to crystallize. After 12 hours, collect the crystals, dry them on bibulous paper, and keep preserved from the air. 

Alkaline Fluid Extract of Rhubajrb. Take of fluid extract of rhubarb (by repcrcoiation), I fluid ounce neutral carbonate of potassa, 80 grains water, 1 fluid ouneo. Dissolve the cart mate iu the water to this wid the fluid extract, and let the mixture repose C to 12 horirs then strain through muslin, and filter, if desirable. The alkaline fluid extract of rhubarb caii bo mixed with water in any proportion, affording a perfectly clear and transparent liquid of a deep red color. Another alkaline fluid extract of rhubarb will be found in No. 4386,... 

Phosphate of Iron. Dissolve 3 ounces sulphate of iron in 2 pints boiling distilled water, dissolve also 1 ounce acetate of soda and )lh ounces phosphate of soda in another 2 pints boQing distilled water. Mix the 2 solutions, filter the precipitate through muslin, wa.sh it with hot distilled water the washings no longer form a precipitate with chloride of barium. Dry at a beat not exceeding 120 Pahr. (Br. Ph),... 

Solution of Citrate of Iron. Dilute 1 pint of solution of tersulphate of iron with 2 pints distilled water precipitate with water of ammonia in slight excess, constantly stirring. Transfer the precipitate to a muslin strainer, and wash it with water until the washings are nearly tasteless. Drain it, and put half of it in a porcelain capsule on a water-bath heated to 150° Fabr., add 5 troy ounces citric acid in coarse powder, and stir until the precipitate is nearly dissolved then add sufficient of the reserved precipitate to fully saturate the acid. Lastly, filter tho liquid, evaporate it at a temperature not over lo0° Fahr, until it measures a pint. (U. S, Dis,)... 

Eye-waters. Eye-waters should be perfectly clear, aud free from any floating matter, however trifling. To secure this, it is In general necessary either to filter them through bibulous paper, or a piece of clean, fine muslin, or to carefully decant them after sufficient repose to allow the impurities to subside. T7hen pure distilled water is used in their preparation, only some of them will... 

Filtration is resorted to more frequently than decantation. Filters are made from muslin, paper, asbestos, or glass wool. 

Procedure. The method of acid extraction and demethylation of pectin from apple pomace at 60 C. was essentially that previously described (17), up to the point of clarification of the pectin extract. Prior to clarification, the temperature of the extract was raised to about 50 C. in order to aid dispersion of the pectinates. Following the clarification and removal of starch, the pectin was precipitated as calcium pectinate by adding 20% calcium chloride solution to the extract at room temperature. The quantity of calcium chloride was such that any excess of the salt did not give a further precipitate after the precipitated material had stood from 1 hour to overnight as a practical handling procedure. After the calcium pectinate had been filtered off through muslin by hand, the relative completeness of precipitation was estimated by determining the relative viscosity (Ostwald at 26 C.) of the liquid pressed out. A relative viscosity of 1.2 or less indicated practically complete precipitation. 

Leaf extraction The extraction medi xn contained 0.2 M. Trici-ne-NaOH, 2QmM MgCl2/ lOmM NaHCOs, 0.2mM Na-EDTA, 20m 2M-Mer-captoethanol, 16g.l PVPP at pH 8.3. Magnesium and bicarbonate were included in the extraction medium to obtain an activated RBPC form(12). Illuminated leaves were used for extraction cuid assays in order to obtain appropiate conditions for enzyme activity assays (13) (14). Leaves without midvein were ground in a mortar (1 5w/v). The homogenate was filtered through 4 layers of muslin. The filtrate (leaf extract) was kept a 0 C and used for assay and determinations. Leaf extraction and assays were performed at midday (13 00) (13). 

The reaction was followed by determining, by gas liquid chromatography, the amount of methanol produced by transesterification. In all cases 85 to (usually) 90% extent of reaction was noted. The reaction mixture was cooled, filtered through muslin, and crude sucrose ester, containing unreacted methyl esters and potassium soaps, was recovered in eibout 95% yield by vacuum distillation of DMSO at 1 mm pressure. In certain cases, the amount of unreacted methyl esters was determined by molecular, pot distillation. 

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