Muscular strength

VII. Summary of Caffeine s Effects as an Ergogenic Aid A. Muscular Strength... 

Such results suggest a need for further research comparing trained with untrained subjects, along with an examination of muscle fiber type ratios of experimental subjects. Also, the question of subjects habituation to caffeine needs to be explored more fully. For the present, the reported ergogenic effects of caffeine on muscular strength must be viewed with skepticism and perhaps be attributed to the psychostimulant properties of caffeine. 

N.A. Saponins, flavonoids, sugars, mucilage, vitamins A, B, and C." Improve muscular strength, weight gain, increase stamina. 

Musculoskeletal Effects. Muscular strength was not altered in one study of workers exposed to vanadium pentoxide (Vintinner et al. 1955). 

Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic condition caused by hyperglycaemia, characterized by progressive morphological destruction of the peripheral nervous system, accompanied by loss of peripheral nerve function. Clinically, loss of function is defined by distal loss of sensibility, muscular strength and loss of deep tendon reflexes as well as by autonomic dysfunction of viscera and blood vessels. 

Biological Approach 38. Strength The job requires fairly little muscular strength. 1 2 3 4 5... 

Muscular strength declines with age [Lindle et al, 1997 Lynch et al., 1999 Roth et al., 2001], disease [Singh, 2002], and as a consequence of the administration of some medications [Singh, 2002] and can be increased substantially in a relatively short time period with ST [Hurley and Roth, 2000 Hurley and Kostek, 2001]. Muscle power can also be increased with ST, but the magnitude of increase depends on the... 

Roth, S.M., Schrager, M.A., Ferrell, R.E., Reichman, Metter, S.E., Lynch, N.A., Lindle, R.S., and Hurley, B.F. Ciliary neurotrophic factor genotype is associated with muscular strength and quality in humans across the adult age span. /. Appl Physiol 90 1205-1210,2001. 

Muscle strength implies the force or torque production capacity of muscles. However, to measure strength, the term must be operationally defined. One definition modified from Clarkson [2000] states that muscular strength is the maximal amount of torque or force that a muscle or muscle groups can voluntarily exert in one maximal effort, when type of muscle contraction, limb velocity, and joint angle(s) are specified. 

Smidt G.L and Rogers M.R. 1982. Factors contributing to the regulation and clinical assessment of muscular strength. Phys. Ther. 62 1284-1290. 

Well-rounded physical fitness includes four basic elements that can be improved with regular exercise cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility. To be tmly fit, each element should be developed, but the most vital is cardiovascular endurance. Physiologically, cardiovascular endurance is the sustained ability of the heart, blood vessels, and blood to carry oxygen to the cells, coupled with the ability of the cells to use oxygen, and the ability of the blood to carry away waste products. Since every cell in the body requires oxygen to function, there is no more basic element of fitness than this—to see that the heart, lungs, and circulatory system function properly. 

Some laboratories make observations on the behaviour, mobility, muscular strength and respiratory rate of the animals. Cardial and cerebral functions are followed by electrocardiography and electroencephalography, respectively. 

Psychomotor development tests Oseretsky Motor Development Scale, Bender Gestalt test, pinboard, tapping, threading beads, making dots, simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and muscular strength test. 

The vertebrae, particularly those of the lumbar spine and thoracic spine, also increase in size. The enlargement involves the anteroposterior axis of the bone more than the lateral axis. Consequently, vertebral enlargement interferes with the patient s flexion, and he has difficulty bending to touch the floor. The increase in skeletal size is not associated with a corresponding increase in muscular strength and, in spite of his frightening appearance, the acromegalic is often feeble and clumsy. 

The need of muscular strength for crushing RSI (repetitive strain injury) problems may occur in nursery homes if caregivers have to crush tablets for many patients. 

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