Tumor muscle

Fewer antibodies are available to characterize these tumors than those from the other categories. Table 12 lists the most useful antigens that can be detected in routinely processed tissues. Antibodies to desmin, an intermediate filament, are very specific for muscle tumors. Because of its sensitivity to fixation and its absence in the early differentiation of muscle cells, desmin is often difficult to detect in muscle sarcomas. 

Moreover, in view of such an universal activity of MYKO 63, EORTC decided in May 1980 to extend to 1982 the period during which this drug will be tested on animal tumors. To date new results increase still further the spectrum of effectiveness of MYKO 63 successful experiments were performed — or are in progress - on tumors such as lymphomas and lymphosarcomas, either radioresistant or radio-sensitive, on neuroblastomas (acute brain tumors, mainly in children), fibroblastomas (muscles tumors) and HeLa (from Helen Lattimer, the first patient who died from this tumor) cervix carcinoma (uterus tumor). 

MG is caused by antibodies that a person makes against their own Ach receptors hence, MG is an autoimmune disease. The antibodies disturb normal Ach stimulation to contract skeletal muscles. Failure of the immune system to destroy cancerous cells in muscle can result in muscle tumors. Benign muscle tumors are called myomas while malignant muscle tumors are called myosarcomas. 

Metals from prostheses can continue to be released into the system for many years. The development of hypersensitivity takes time, and allergic reactions are usually delayed for weeks, months, or 1-2 years. The symptoms can assume a variety of forms. Local reactions can cause loosening of the device or local pain. Dermatological reactions include eczema, bullous pemphigoid, urticaria, and muscle tumors. ... 

It is particularly interesting that certain nickel compounds have been found to possess different carcinogenic potencies in experimental animals. For example, the intramuscular administration of crystalline Ni3S2 results in 90-100% incidence of rhabdomyosarcomas while rats that received similar doses of amorphous NiS did not develop muscle tumors (18,19),... 

Pneumocystis carinii Toxoplasma gondii Cryptosporidia Strongyloides stercoralis Malignancies Kaposi s sarcoma Non-Hodgkin s lymphoma Smooth muscle tumors Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis Nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis Drug-induced pneumonitis... 

Antidesmin (M) BioGenex 1 2000 MWER Recognition of smooth muscle and striated muscle tumors... 

Anti-alpha Isoform actin (clone 1A4) (M) Dako 1 200 MWER Recognition of smooth muscle tumors and myofibroblastic differentiation... 

Anti-Myo-DI (M) Dako 1 10 MWER Recognition of striated muscle tumors... 

Epithelioid features are known to occur in smooth muscle tumors, usually as a focal finding but occasionally as the predominant pattern. Such tumors have previously been designated as leiomyoblastomas, but current information indicates that even relatively bland tumors in the soft tissue may have metastatic potential. Thus, the term epithelioid LMS is preferred for those lesions with any degree of mitotic activity and cellular atypia. 

Schurch W, Skalli O, Seemayer TA, et al. Intermediate filament proteins and actin isoforms as markers for soft tissue tumor differentiation and origin. I. Smooth muscle tumors. Am J Pathol. 1987 128 91-103. 

Molenaar WM, Muntinghe FL. Expression of neural adhesion molecules and neurofilament protein isofotms in skeletal muscle tumors. Hum Pathol. 1998 29 1290-1293. 

Bowman F, Gultekin H, Dickman PS. Latent Epstein-Barr virus infection demonstrated in low-grade leiomyosarcomas of adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, but not in adjacent Kaposi s lesion or smooth muscle tumors in immunocompetent patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1997 121 834-838. 

Fadare O, Liang SX. Epithelioid smooth muscle tumors of the uterus do not express CDla A potential immunohistochemical adjunct in their distinction from uterine perivascular epithelioid cell tumors. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2008 12 401-405. 

Moran CA, Suster S, Perino G, et al. Malignant smooth muscle tumors presenting as mediastinal soft tissue masses A clinico-pathologic study of 10 cases. Cancer. 1994 74 2251-2260. 

Some immunohistologic peculiarities exist in reference to smooth muscle tumors of the skin. Roughly 30% of dermal leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas are... 

S-100 protein reactive, and a similar proportion of subcuticular tumors are labeled for CD57. It has been speculated that those findings reflect pilar-smooth muscular and vascular-smooth muscular differentiation, respectively. They have practical importance as well because of shared patterns of reactivity with peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the skin. Fortunately, few of the latter lesions are expected to exhibit positivity for myogenic markers, as seen in smooth muscle tumors. 

Another contentious issue concerns the aberrant expression of keratin and EMA in smooth muscle tumors. Although some authors have reported a high incidence of that phenomenon in general, with no particular reference to specific soft tissue sites,the authors experience indicates that cutaneous leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas only rarely show the presence of epithelial markers. 

Miettinen M, Monihan JM, Sarlomo-Rikala M, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors/smooth muscle tumors (GISTs) primary in the omentum and mesentery clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 26 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999 23 1109-1118. 

Yanase M, Ikeda LT, Ogata I, et al. Primary smooth muscle tumor of the liver encasing hepatobiliary cystadenoma without mesenchymal stroma. Am Surg Pathol. 1999 23 854-859. 

CD117 may help distinguish vaginal CISTs that mimic smooth muscle tumors. 

Several endometrial stromal tumor variants have been described (Fig. 18.18). These include the smooth muscle variant (also referred to as mixed endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumor or stromo-myoma), fibromyxoid variant,sex cord variant, and variants including endometrioid glands or epithelioid cells. The key to understanding the immunophenotype of these tumors is that variant or metaplastic elements often lose the phenotype of endometrial stroma and acquire the phenotype of the corresponding metaplastic element. Therefore, the smooth muscle in a smooth muscle variant of endometrial stromal nodule expresses muscle markers (Fig. 18.18B) and is frequently CD10-negative. T20 endometrioid... 

Although only one primary uterine gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) has been reported, rectal examples may occasionally be mistaken for fibroids. Spindle cell examples would then suggest leiomyoma or perhaps even leiomyosarcoma, and epithelioid varieties could mimic an epithelioid smooth muscle tumor, carcinoma. 

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