Multiple LAPS

Fig. 1.3 Joint configurations for friction stir welding, (a) Square butt, (b) Edge butt, (c) T-butt joint, (d) Lap joint, (e) Multiple lap joint. (f) T-lap joint, (g) Fillet joint. Source Ref 14...

The wide range of chromogenic-substrate systems available allows one to obtain excellent color contrast for double/multiple antigen detection. Chromo-genie reactions resulting in black (IGSS), yellow-brown (IPO/DAB), red-brown (IPO/AEC), blue (lAP/Fast Blue, or 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/ nitroblue tetrazolium [BCIP-NBT]), and purple (lAP/Fast Red or New Fuchsin) can be used in different combinations (see Chapter 23). For development of these products, the following protocols are provided (see Note 16). 

Furthermore, different derivations of the LAPS principle have been proposed either to allow a multiple detection of different ions on the same sensor chip or to extend the measurement capabilities of LAPS devices. Another focus for alternative applications is LAPS-based sensors for gas-sensing purposes by making use of catalytic effects of thin... 

Incident Action Plan (lAP) This is a plan that is developed when multiple agencies are involved in the disaster response. It ensures that all agencies are working toward the same goal. It is what is developed when the unified command structure is used. 

The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (lAPs), which are characterized by the presence of one or more baculovirus lAP repeat (BIR) domains, are a family of endogenous apoptosis inhibitors that possess multiple antiapoptotic activities, including binding and inhibition of active caspases 3, 7, and 9. By inhibiting the downstream caspases 3 and 7, lAPs block the convergence point of multiple caspase activation pathways and thus inhibit apoptosis induced by various stimuli (81). At least eight human lAP members have been identified, of which XIAP (X-linked lAP) and survivin have received the most attention as therapeutic targets (82). 

Inhibitor of apoptosis (lAP) proteins inhibit caspases, which are dimeric cysteine proteases responsible for programmed cell death, or apoptosis. lAPs are multidomain proteins that have multiple BIR domain repeats. One family member, the X-linked lAP (XIAP), has three BIR domains, and uses different BIR domains to inhibit different caspases through disparate mechanisms. 

Conventional airflow (also known as turbulent, or non-unidirectional airflow) incorporates HEPA filters, located in-duct, or as room terminal filtration modules (TPMs Fig. 5). Often confused with LAP, conventional airflow does not meet that definition because it allows multiple-pass circulating characteristics or a non-parallel airflow direction, or both. This type of airflow is incapable of producing first air, and is normally used as secondary or buffer filtration in treating a processing or compounding space that contains laminar airflow devices (LAFDs) to maintain primary critical work surface conditions, or in treating other... 

Regulation of lAPs Given the critical role LAPs play in the control of caspases it is not surprising that their expression and/or activity are controlled at multiple levels. So far, three distinct modes of LAP regulation—transcrip-tional/posttranscriptional, posttranslational, and regulatory proteins—have been described (Figure 18.5). 

Figure 18.9 Apoptosis resistance is a hallmark of cancer. Multiple genetic lesions results In an Increased apoptotic threshold that accompanies the cancerous phenotype. The relative resistance of cells to apoptosis Is Indicated by the thickness of the arrow and the key genes involved In setting the apoptotic threshold are shown. The function of these genes can be affected by either genetic mutations (such as loss of heterozygosity, LOH) or direct inhibition of their function by cellular Inhibitors (such as Bcl-2, lAP, or heath shock (HSP) proteins). The ultimate outcome is the inability of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis despite exposure to potent cell death triggers (such as In case of therapeutic inten/ention with chemo- or radiation therapy).

Fig. 1.3 Cell-death pathways relevant to an apoptotic-like mechanism in cerebral ischemia. Release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria is modulated by pro as well as anti-apoptotic bcl-2 family members. Cytochrome c release activates downstream caspases through apoptosome formation (not shown) and caspase activation can be modulated by smac/DlABLO indirectly through suppressing protein of inhibitors of apoptosis (LAP). Effector caspases (caspase-3, -7) work on multiple substrates which dismantle the cell by cleaving homeostatic,...

Generally, multiple experimental test data of adhesive material are necessary for an adequate representation of the joint behavior under loading. Uniaxial tension, compression and single lap shear tests were therefore performed. 

Yang YL, Li XM. The lAP family endogenous caspase inhibitors with multiple biological activities. Cell Res 2000 10 169-177. 

Gronnd penetrating radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic technique that has been nsed for many years with the engineering industry to supply information on construction and condition detail of various types of structure. GPR also known as impulse radar gives valuable information on the location of reinforcement and can often supply information where cover meters cannot, snch as lapping bars, multiple layers and tendon ducts behind cover reinforcement. There has already been some discussion of its application for delamination measurement in Section 4.6. 

In contrast to lapping wheels, profiling of grinding wheels in this range of size is much more difficult. On the one hand, the stiffnesses of the wheel dresser are often not sufficient. On the other hand, the material costs of the used diamond coatings are so high that multiple removal of greater profile... 

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