Multiple channel

Venkatesh P K, Dean A M, Cohen M H and Carr R W 1999 Master equation analysis of intermolecular energy transfer in multiple-well, multiple-channel unimolecular reactions. II. Numerical methods and application to the mechanism of the C. + O2 reaction J. Chem. Phys. Ill 8313... 

The detection of a specific gas (10) is accompHshed by comparing the signal of the detector that is constrained to the preselected spectral band pass with a reference detector having all conditions the same except that its preselected spectral band is not affected by the presence of the gas to be detected. Possible interference by other gases must be taken into account. It may be necessary to have multiple channels or spectral discrimination over an extended Spectral region to make identification highly probable. Except for covert surveillance most detection scenarios are highly controlled and identification is not too difficult. 

Figure 12.10. Multiple-channel electrochemical cell termed bipolar configuration of second generation. 1 Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 12.11. Temporal evolution of the ethylene conversion in the multiple-channel Ru02/YSZ cell during a potentiostatic step of UM =30 V. OC open-circuit. Feed composition C2H4 O2/0.2 12 kPa, Fv=175 cm3 STP/min, T=360°C.9 Reprinted with permission from the Electrochemical Society.

For flow at a given rate, the only way to significantly increase the heat transfer coefficient is to reduce the channel size, whose optimum can be calculated assuming a practical limit on the available pressure. Recourse to multiple channels, instead of continuous coolant flow over the entire back substrate surface, enables one to multiply the substrate area by a factor (jp, representing the total surface area of the channel walls which are in contact with fluid. Single-row micro-channels etched dir-... 

When one inspects the multiple channel protein sequences that have been derived, one readily recognizes that they have related primary sequences. This suggests that they have similar three-dimensional structures. The primary sequences can be subdivided into an amino-terminal, a core and a carboxy-terminal domain (see Fig. 5). Each domain seems to contribute separately to the structure and function of a given channel [49]. Following this hypothesis, it has been possible to carry out domain swapping experiments between Sh and RCK proteins [49] as well as between... 

Geometry—channel length, size, inlet and exit restrictions, single or multiple channels... 

MUX, cassette dosing, and sample pooling (parallel chromatography) approaches time-share MS by reducing dwell windows or reducing the number of data points across a chromatographic peak. These approaches in which the data parcels in milliseconds can monitor multiple channels rapidly... 

Common Cause or Common Mode Failure—Failure, which is the result of one or more events, causing coincident failures in multiple systems or on two or more separate channels in a multiple channel system, leading to system failure. The source of the common cause failure may be either internal or external to the systems affected. Common cause failure can involve the initiating event and one or more safeguards, or the interaction of several safeguards. 

Selected entries from Methods in Enzymology [vol, page(s)] Analysis, software for, 207, 717 barrier models, 207, 818 closed and open time estimation, 207, 755 data acquisition, 207, 747 modal behavior analysis, 207, 757 multiple channel problem, 207, 756 single-channel [extraction of kinetic information, 207, 765 measurement in tissue slices, 207, 220] synaptic, resolution improvement in patch clamp recording, 207, 216 whole-cell recording in calcium channel, 207, 181 fluctuation analysis, 207, 192. 

A computational model will be developed for numerous water quality parameters in the Platte River, Nebraska. In many locations, this river splits into multiple channels that are joined back together downstream. One significant split is the Kearney Canal diversion, illustrated in Figure E6.7.1, where 20% of the flow splits off into a second river at the city of Overton, only to return 20 km downstream at the city of Kearney. A tracer pulse was put into the river at location x = 0 and time t = 0, upstream of the diversion. Downstream of the diversion s return, the pulse at location x = 25 km is given in Figure E6.7.2. Develop a model for this reach that contains equal size tanks-in-series for the main channel and a similar number of tanks-in-series with the addition of a possible plug flow for the side channel, as illustrated in Figure E6.7.3. 

Chen YH, DeHaan RL Multiple channel conductance states in gap junctions in Hall JE, Zampighi GA, Davies RM (eds) Gap Junctions. Progress in Cell Research, vol 3. Amsteradam, Elsevier, 1993, pp 97-103. 

Capillary electrophoresis is increasingly popular144 - 149a and can be used to separate attomole amounts.150 It can be used not only for separation of proteins but also for rapid estimation of the net charge on a protein.151 The separation is conducted in tubes with internal diameters as small as 10-15 pm and as short as 1 cm. Multiple channels cut into a glass chip... 

Each application allows the use of eight independent channels that depending on the procedure can be used to perform individual or duplicate analysis. For instance, in the OTA application the default setting of the software permit to dedicate two channels for the blank measurement and two channels for each of the three calibrators or samples whereas in the OPs protocol the user can utilize single channel or multiple channels. In each application, a check biosensor option is available to test the correct functioning and positioning of the sensors. 

Serial Interconnects. Audio serial rates (768 Kilobits/second per channel at 48 Kilo-samples/second) present an opportunity for parallel DSP. By using standard telecommunication time division multiplexing (TDM), it s possible to trunk multiple channels as well as use switching techniques. 

Tong et al., 1979] Tong, Y., Black, R., Clark, G., Forster, I., Millar, J., and O Loughlin, B. (1979). A preliminary report on a multiple-channel cochlear implant operation. J. Laryngol. Otol., 93 679-695. 

Intensity Coding/Coupling. The intensity coding/coupling tool combines channel pairs or multiple channels and transmits only a single channel plus directional information for parts of the spectrum. 

The concept of the pChemTec consortium [24] was developed for chemical processes and is equipped with multiple channels in a mechanical frame construction. This concept allows three-dimensional branching similar to industrial plants. A two-dimensional representation of the pipe scheme thus demands a more abstract visualization method. 

Figure 4.91 Demonstration of flow guiding in a liquid flow-splitting unit which consists of three tanks, six interdigital separation-layer micro mixers, a multiple channel segmenter and six tubular sections [140].

The EOF-induced flow has been amplified by using multiple capillary channels (of width 1-6 pm), so that the multiple flow streams are combined to produce adequate hydraulic pressure for liquid pumping (see Figure 3.7) [115]. The multiple channels (100) ensure the generation of sufficient flow rate (10-400 nL/min), while the small dimensions (of depth 1-6 pm) result in the necessary hydraulic pressure to prevent pressurized backflow leakage (up to 80 psi) [115]. Based on a similar approach, a narrow-gap EOF pump was constmcted to produce 400 Pa pressure with 850-nm-deep channels cascaded in three stages to produce a 200-pm/s flow velocity [390]. Another pump was constructed with 130-nm-thin channels cascaded in 10 stages to produce 25 kPa pressure [264]. 

For fluorescent detection in multiple channels on microchips, scanning detectors and CCD cameras have been used. For instance, scanning LIF detection was first performed using a galvanoscanner which sequentially probed 16 channels [265] and 48 channels [557],... 

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