Multi-spiral

Polyester multi-spiral yarn fabrics of specific collocation structures is shown Fig.6 in contrast to color developed sections of the butterfly s scales. The fabrics with contrasts of deep color shades and lusters emphasize silhouettes of clothings, and are appreciated as the fabric materials of higher grade. 

Polyester Multi-Spiral Yarn s Fabrics of Specific Collocation... 

Small laboratory spiral-wound modules consist of a single membrane envelope wrapped around the collection tube, as shown in Figure 3.42. The membrane area of these modules is typically 0.2 to 1.0 m2. Industrial-scale modules contain several membrane envelopes, each with an area of 1-2 m2, wrapped around the central collection pipe. The multi-envelope design developed at Gulf General Atomic by Bray [113] and others is illustrated in Figure 3.43. Multi-envelope... 

Figure 3.43 Multi-envelope spiral-wound module [113], used to avoid excessive pressure drops on the permeate side of the membrane. Large-diameter modules may have as many as 30 membrane envelopes, each with a membrane area of 1 -2 m2...

J. 1968 - First multi-leaf spiral wound module developed by Fluid Systems (See Chapter 4.3.3)... 

First multi-leaf spiral wound membrane module developed by Don Bray and others at Gulf General Atomic, under US Patent no. 3,417,870, "Reverse Osmosis Purification Apparatus," December, 1968. A multi-leaf spiral configuration improves the flow characteristics of the RO module by minimizing the pressure drop encountered by permeate as it spirals into the central collection tube. 

In addition, improved separation of fine particles has resulted from recent advances in density-based separation techniques. This includes the development of several new water-only devices, such as various concentrating spirals, the Kelsey Jig, the Multi-Gravity... 

Myelination is a sequential multi-step process in which a myelinating cell recognizes and adheres to an axon, then ensheathes, wraps and ultimately excludes its cytoplasm from the spiraling process to form compact myelin. An OL is able to myelinate upto 40 axons depending on its localization. Myelin is composed of lipids and proteins, most of which are... 

Spira-Cell Multi-Surface Roller Bottle (Bibby Sterihn Ltd). This bottle contains a spiral polystyrene cartridge on which cells grow on both sides of the film 3000-cm, 4500-cm and bOOO-cm sizes are available. 

Nine compositions with the diamond concentration of 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25 mass % were mixed with the charge Ti-C-Mo to produce multi-layered semi-products. The ready mixtures were placed layer-by-layer into a pressform in the following order diamondless layer weighing 25,5 g 3 mass % diamond layer, weighing 10 g 5 % layer -10 g 7 % layer - 10 g 9 % layer - 9,9 g 12 % layer - 9,9 g. After densification pellets were obtained 48 mm in diameter with the thickness of the layers 5.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0, 2.0 mm correspondently. Multilayered pellets with the diamond concentration from layer to layer as much as 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 % mass were prepared similarly. The final pellet was placed into a reactional mold. An SHS reaction was initiated from the lateral face of the cylindrical pellet by a tungsten spiral. After accomplishment of the combustion reaction and propagation of the combustion synthesis wave, the hot SHS-products were compacted in a hydraulic press at P > 400 MPa for no more than 10 s. The time of exposure to pressure was chosen dependent on the combustion temperature and reology of the products, e.g., on their plasticity and the amount of the liquid phase formed. Usually this time is 0.5 -4 2 sec. SHS-products were cooled at the room temperature. 

New techniques are continuing to be developed which can be expected to be used in future specialized industrial applications. Multi-segmented columns have been demonstrated for the preparative purification of urokinase. Begovichandcoworkers havedevelopedatechnique for continuous spiral cylinder purifications which allow separation of the... 

Membranes are manufactured in a diverse range of geometries they include flat, tubular, and multi-tubular, hollow-fiber, and spiral-wound membranes. The type of geometry the membrane is manufactured into depends on the material the membrane is made from. Ceramic membranes, generally, come in tubular, multi-tubular and flat geometries, whereas spiral-wound and hollow-fiber membranes seem, for the most part (with a few notable examples), to be made from polymers. 

It was an obvious step also to make such helices of glass (Fenske helices). The writer carried out some tests on closely-wound glass spirals of 4x4x0.3 and 7 X 7 X 0.3 mm at atmospheric pressure with benzene-CXH mixture and obtained the results shown in Table 71. They are available as both single and multi-turn helices. 

Rettenbacher T, Hollerweger A, Hoflehner A, zur Nedden D (2005) Very small focal liver lesions appearing uncharacteristic at conventional US does it make sense to investigate with contrast-enhanced US in attempt to further characterize the lesions Comparison with multi-phase spiral CT. Eur Radiol 15 [Suppl 1] 159-160... 

R. Prasad, K.K. Sirkar, Analytical design equation for multi-component RO processes by spiral-wound module, Ind Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 24, 1985, 356. 

Figure 9. Construction of a multi-envelope spiral wound module [19]. Four envelopes are formed from membranes 38 (a-d) and permeate spacers 34 (a-d). Feed spacers 44 (a-d) separate the envelopes.

Within a few years of the invention of the L-S membrane, development of the RO membrane modules technique was reaHsed. Haven and Guy developed tubular RO membranes in the mid-1960s. In the late 1960s, Westmoreland and later Bray invented the spiral-wound module, which was more efficient than the tube-in-sheU module. The spiral-wound membrane can be viewed as a plate-and-frame (PAF) arrangement that has been rolled up. The original module had a single leaf of membrane whereas modem spiral-wound modules contain multi-leaf membranes. 

A typical RO skid is shown in Figure 2.25. It is a single-pass, two-stage (4 2 array) unit with pressure vessels containing six spiral wound membrane elements (20 cm X 100 cm) in series in each vessel. There is room on the backside of the skid to double the number of vessels to make it into an 8 4 array with permeate flow rates approaching 70 m /h at 75%. The RO high-pressure pump is multi-stage, horizontal, submersible type. The skid... 

Figure 2.25 A typical RO skid showing a 4 2 two-stage membrane array, high-pressure pump, instruments and control panels. The high-pressure RO pump is a horizontal, multi-staged submersible type. Each pressure vessel contains six spiral-wound modules, 20 cm dia. x 100 cm long. Source USFilter.

The RO system consists of nine first-pass and three second-pass skids. The RO membranes are 20 cm spiral-wound TFC polyoxide type. The membrane pressure vessels have side-entry front/rear permeate ports. The high-pressure first-pass SWRO unit is supplied by a multi-pump system (three on-Hne, one on-standby). The SWRO feed pressure is 60 bar g TDH (total dehvery head). The second-pass RO unit treats the first-pass permeate and, therefore, operates at much lower feed pressure. The SWRO unit deploys dual work exchanger energy recovery devices. The plant is among the most energy efficient in the world, with an average efficiency of 3.58 kWh/m. The ERDs recover about 97% of the energy required to convert seawater to product permeate. 

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