Mullen studies

B. R. Kerry, D. H. Crump, and C. A. Mullen, Studies of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae, under continuous cereals, 1975-1978 II. Fungal parasitism of nematode females and eggs. Annals of Applied Biology /00 489 (1982). 

The detailed understanding of such a system also allows the assessment of the positions to be attacked, most likely by electrophiles. Moreover, the degree of the system s diatropicity may also be dependent on ion-solvation equilibrium. In this case it has already been shown that the system is not diatropic even if its total number of electrons may predict diatropicity 85). Mullen studied independently a family of anions including the dianion of acenaphthylene (82 ) and he also concludes that in THF solutions the lithium and potassium salts exist predominantly as contact ion pairs 83b). 

I., Beljonne, D., Champagne, B., Mullen, K., Sauer, M., Hofkens, J. andDe Schryver, F. C. (2004) Multichromophoric dendrimers as single-photon sources a single-molecule study. J. Phys. Chem. B., 108, 16686-16696. 

An electron microscopy study by Mullen et al. (1989) showed that Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ accumulated on the cell surface of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as needle-like, crystalline precipitates, while Ag+ precipitated as discrete colloidal aggregates at the cell surface and occasionally in the cytoplasm. The needle-like and hexagonal precipitates were also found for the biosorption of Ni2+ on the cell surface of P. fluorescens 4F39 at pH 9 and it was suggested as a microprecipitation process that followed on ion exchange (Lopez et al. 2000). 

Mullen et al. (1989) reported that Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were able to sorb an average of 89% of the total Ag+ and 12-27% of the total Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ from a ImM solution. Using polyacrylamide-entrapped cells of Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ, Simine et al. (1998) measured a sorption capacity of 40 mg g-1 and 13 mg g-1 dry biomass for Pb and Cd, respectively. Hall et al. (2001) isolated two bacterial strains of P. syringae that were tolerant to 1000 mg L-1 Cu. Similarly, Amoroso et al. (2001) were able to obtain Streptomyces spp. strains R22 and R25 with a high tolerance to Cr from sediments of the Sail River, Argentina. The cells of R22 and R25 could accumulate 10.0 and 5.6 mg Cr g-1 dry weight, respectively, from a concentration of 50 mg Cr mL 1. Cell fractionation studies with strain R22 showed that most of the chromium... 

Campbell, J.F., Mullen, M.A., and Dowdy, A.K. 2002. Monitoring stored-product pests in food processing plants A case study using pheromone trapping, contour mapping, and mark-recapture. J. Econ. Entomol 95, 1089-1101. 

The homoaromatic interaction in other bridged annulenes has also been examined. The dications of several bridged annulenes were prepared and also studied theoretically and by NMR spectroscopy (Mullen et al., 1987 Wallraff et al., 1988). Once again homoaromatic interactions were deemed to be most important in determining the properties of these systems. Another cationic polycyclic potential homoaromatic system was investigated by Murata and Nakasuji (1980). They concluded, from NMR studies, that homoaromaticity was unimportant in the homophenalenyl cations [66], [67] and [68], (They reached the same conclusion for the corresponding anions.)... 

Mullen et al. in 2008 reported the successful use of graphene films (TGF) as transparent electrodes (anodes) in BHJ solar cells composed of P3HT and PCBM as the active layer (see Fig. 34) [258]. The cell conversion efficiency under low intensity monochromatic light showed the same values as the ITO electrode (1.5%) and under simulated solar light the values were lower (0.29%) compared to the obtained values for ITO (1.17%) under the same conditions. Although the study under simulated solar light was not satisfactory, the BHJ solar cell shows promise for the use of graphene in this type of devices after further optimization of the cell. 

Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library. Chichester John Wiley Sons Solberg U, Burkhart G Nilson M (2002). An overview of opiate substitution treatment in the European Union and Norway. International Journal of Drug Policy, 13, 477-84 Soyka M (2000). Substance misuse, psychiatric disorder and violent and disturbed behaviour. British Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 345-50 Spataro J, Mullen PE, Burgess PM, Wells DL Moss SA (2004). Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health. Prospective study in males and females. British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 416-21... 

Oth Mullen Gilles Schroder Helv. Chim. Acta 1974, 57,1415 Nakanishi Yamamoto Tetrahedron Lett. 15174, 1803 Gunther Ulmen Tetrahedron 1974, 30, 3781. For deuterium nmr spectra see Poupko Zimmermann Luz J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1904, 106, 5391. For a crystal structure study, see Luger Buschmann McMullan Ruble Matias Jeffrey J. Am. Chem. Soc. 19 6,108. 7825. 

J Hoskins, P Matsushima, DL Mullen, J Tang, G Zhao, TI Meier, T Nicas, SR Jaskunas. Gene disruption studies of penicillin-binding proteins la, lb, and 2a in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 181 6552-6555, 1999. 

Kishnankutty S, Chiu T Mullen W, et al. Mechanisms of estrogen-induced vasodilation in vivo studies in canine coronary conductance and resistance arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995 26 807-814. 

R. L. Sims, L. M. Mullen, D. B. Milne, Application of inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy to multielement analysis of foodstuffs used in metabolic studies, J. Food. Comp. Anal., 3 (1990), 27-37. 

Sachs G, Chengappa KNR, Suppes T, Mullen JA, Brecher M, Devine NA, Sweitzer DE. Quetiapine with lithium or divalproex for the treatment of bipolar mania a randomized, double-bhnd, placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disord 2004 6 213-23. 

Bowden CL, Grunze H, Mullen J, Brecher M, Paulsson B, Jones M, Vagero M, Svensson K. A randomized, double-bhnd, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study of quetiapine or lithium as monotherapy for mania in bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2005 66 111-21. 

Youssef, W.I., Salazar, F., Dasarathy, S., Beddow, T., Mullen, K.D. Role of fresh frozen plasma infusion in correction of coagulopathy of chronic liver disease A dual phase study. Amer. J. Gastroenterol. 2003 98 1391-1394... 

Lund, Hans, Texts as Pictures, Studies in the Literary Transformation of Pictures, translated by Kacke Gotrick (Lewiston The Edwin Mullen Press, 1992). 

R. Garner, J. Yperman, J. Mullens, L.C. van Poucke, A potentiometric study of the complexation of aliphatic acyclic monoamines with Ag (I) in 1 m nitrate. J. Coord. Chem. 30,151-164, 1993. 

Recently, the bicyclic system [14]annuleno[14]annulene (20) was charged97. This system forms a dianion, viz. 202 and a tetraanion, viz. 20A studied by Mullen 97). This annuleno annulene is a (4n. + 2)n + (4n + 2)it system and therefore diatropic. The di- and tetra-anions of 20 can be related to the octalene system (14)901. The annulenoannulene 20 forms upon alkali metal (Li, K) reduction all intermediate... 

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