Fungal parasites

B. R. Kerry, D. H. Crump, and C. A. Mullen, Studies of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae, under continuous cereals, 1975-1978 II. Fungal parasitism of nematode females and eggs. Annals of Applied Biology /00 489 (1982). 

This fungal parasite of the Gramineae contains four dark-red pigments 30 they are the naphthaquinones javanicin, solaniol, and fusarubin together with the structurally related alkaloid 8-O-methylbostrycoidin (29). 

Harborne J.B., Ingham J.L. Biochemical aspects of the co-evaluation of higher plants with their fungal parasites. In Biochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Co-evaluation. J.B. Harborne. ed. Academic Press, London, 1978 343-405. 

Infectious disorders Chronic meningitis Tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic HIV disease Tertiary syphilis Slow virus (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) Treatment of infection... 

This fungal parasite is responsible for the production of ochratoxin A (OTA), the presence of which is identified by the determination of related compounds. 

The role of TNF a in vivo is not well understood. It is believed that TNF is required for protection against bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and perhaps even viral infections and other stressful stimuli (562). TNF knockout mice are shown to develop normally. These mice have normal thymus, but their spleen architecture is abnormal and their ability to fight infection is reduced (563). They are also protected from lethal doses of LPS. Knockout studies of the TNF receptor (p60) have shown that mice deficient in this gene are resistant to endotoxic shock but show increased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes (564,565). 

A group of obligate fungal parasites on plants belonging to the elass Uredi-niomycetes which produce masses of rust-coloured spores and can cause serious plant diseases. 

Members of the Ustilaginaceae that are fungal parasites of plants that form a mass of dark powdery spores and cause disease particularly of cereals. 

Granulomatous forms of meningitis and cerebritis are seen in tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections fungal, parasitic, or spirochetal infections idiopathic conditions, such as sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener s and lymphomatoid granulomatoses and histiocytosis X. 

Atkinson HJ, Durschner-Pelz U. Spore transmission and epidemiology of Verticillium balanoides, an endozoic fungal parasite of nematodes in soil. J Invertebr Pathol 65 237-242, 1995. 

Barron GL. Fungal parasites of rotifers a new Tolypocladium with underwater conidiation. Can J Bot 58 439-442, 1980a. 

Bursnall LA, Tribe HT. Fungal parasitism in cysts of Heterodera. II. Egg parasites of H. schachtii. Trans BrMycol Soc 62 595-601, 1974. 

Dackman C, Chet I, Nordbring-Hertz B. Fungal parasitism of the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii infection and enzymatic activity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 62 201-208, 1989. 

Dackman C, Nordbring-Hertz B. Fungal parasites of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae in Southern Sweden. J Nematol 17 50-55, 1985. 

Juhl M. Cereal cyst nematode, soil heating and fungal parasitism. EPPO Bull 12 505 -511, 1982. 

Kerry BR, Crump DH. Observations on fungal parasites of females and eggs of the cereal cyst-nematode, Heterodera avenae, and other cyst nematodes. Nematologica 23 193-201, 1977. 

Morgan-Jones G, Godoy G, Rodriguez-Kabana R. Verticillium chlamydosporium fungal parasite of Meloidogyne arenaria females. Nematropica 11 115-119, 1981. 

Walker J. Systemic fungal parasite of Phalaris tuberosa in Australia. Search 1 81-83, 1970. 

Hocking D. Cordyceps barnesii Thw., a fungal parasite of white grabs in sugar cane. East African Agric Forestry J 32 75, 1966. 

Microsporidia are unicellular eukaryotic fungal parasites that cause a number of disease syndromes, including diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals. Infections with microsporidia have been treated successfully with albendazole. Immunocompromised individuals with intestinal microsporidiosis owing to E. bieneusi (which does not respond to albendazole) have been treated with fumagillin. 

C14H10N2O5, Mr 286.24, yellow amorphous powder, mp. >360 °C. A. is isolated, together with 4 -(hydroxy-methyl)azoxybenzene-4-carboxylic acid [C,4H,2N204, Mr 272.26, yellow powder, mp. 251°C (decomp.)] from cultures of Entomophthora virulenta (Zygomycetes), a fungal parasite on insects. 4 -(Hydroxyme-thyl)azoxybenzene-4-carboxylic acid is responsible for the Insecticidal activity of the culture extract. 

Although many plants are infected by fungal parasites, others are infested with endophytic fungi. These fungi live... 

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