Moving substrate

UV-induced surface grafting of a polymer tape or a fiber bundle as substrate in a continuous operation with pretreatment of the substrate (presoaking) in a solution of sensitizer and monomer (10). The grafting takes place in a thin layer of solution on the surface of the moving substrate. 

These P-, V0Vr and ABC-superfamily members all catalyze reactions with ATP that drive conformational cycles to move substrates across membranes and uphill to higher concentrations. 

Foams are made by the addition of blowing agents to the plastisol. These may be continuously applied to a moving substrate which includes a pass at an elevated temperature where foaming occurs, followed by fusion of the plastisol. 

Activated neutrophils release not only dastase and PR3, but also superoxide anions (05) and myeloperoxidase. These oxidants are able to react with the residue Met358 jxesent at the active-site of Oil-Ft [99], which is then converted into methionine sulfoxide [100]. has been shown that the ken of ai-PI chemically oxidized by Noxidized species. More recently It has been shown that this methionine residue can be oxidized in vivo where oxidants aie released by alveolar macrophages [102,103] and by activated neutrophils [104]. The presence of the oxidative-sensitive methionine residue at the reactive... 

Clifford, F., "Foam Finishing Technology The Controlled Application of Chemicals to a Moving Substrate", Text. Chem. Color. (1978) 10, 37-40. 

In dip coating, a nonporous substrate is dipped into a dilute ceramic suspension and removed at a constant velocity. Neglecting surface tension, Deryagin and Levi [55] derived the momentum balance for a section of liquid near the moving substrate, as shown in Figure 13.17. This momentum balance is given by... 

A capacitively coupled reactor designed to permit continuous coating of a moving substrate with plasma polymer has been described [ 1 ]. In this paper the results of a study of the plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in such a reactor presented. Plasma polymer has been deposited on aluminum electrodes as well as on an aluminum foil substrate placed midway between electrodes. The study particularly explores conditions in which deposition is minimized on the electrode. For this reason the chemical nature of the polymer formed in a low flow rate (F = 2 cm (S.T.P.)/min) and low pressure (p = 60 mlllltorr) plasma has been analyzed by the use of ESCA (electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis) and deposition rate determinations. This method combined with the unusual characteristics of TFE plasma polymerization (described below) has yielded Information concerning the distribution of power in the inter-electrode gap. The effects of frequency (13.56 MHz, 10 KHz and 60 Hz), power and magnetic field have been elucidated. The properties of the TFE plasma polymer prepared in this apparatus are compared to those of the plasma polymer deposited in an inductively coupled apparatus [2,3]. 

Discussion. An apparatus has been presented, and tests performed, indicating the feasibility of depositing boron on a continuously moving substrate in a corona discharge. 

It must be said that the chemical system reported here is sufficiently complex not to allow complete analysis. In addition, although the apparatus and conditions used in the experiments reported here proved adequate for coating a moving substrate, the properties and usefulness of the coatings were not suitable for practical use. Perhaps further research work on the complex chemical mechanism will lead to the means for improving the properties of the coatings. 

In contrast to the channel and carrier proteins described earlier, some carrier or transporter proteins utilize energy, in the form of ATP, either directly or indirectly to move substrates against their concentration gradient. In the case of carriers that use energy indirectly, also known as secondary active transporters,... 

R. Stevens and D. Poulikakos, Freeze Coating of a Moving Substrate with a Binary Alloy, Num. Heat Transfer, A, 20, pp. 409-432,1991. 

Thickness uniformity of sputtered films is also of great practical importance. Model calculations exist which determine thickness distributions in the substrate plane below the sputter cathodes not only for static but also for moving substrates... 

Within the collision cascade model, the sputtering yield is calculated from the energy deposited in a certain depth of the target or substrate, which is related to the stopping power S Eq), and from the transport of the moving substrate atoms to the surface. The sputtering yield Y may be expressed as (Bohdansky, 1984)... 

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