Ultrasonic motor

The whole smart shirt electrical circuit is designed mainly considering multiconnection of ultrasonic sensors as discussed in Section 3.3.1.4. Therefore, the schematic circuit concept of vibration motors, ultrasonic sensor, and microcontroller will first be introduced and then the schematic diagram of the whole smart shirt circuit will be given in detail. 

For produetion eontrol of small diameter nozzle welds a magnetic wheel scarmer has been build (Figure 4). One standard motor module drives the magnetic wheel and one standard motor module drives the Y-module slide. The two motors are connected to the Master Module. The scanner is controlled from a FORCE Institute PSP-3 ultrasonic acquisition unit with build-in scarmer controller. 

The external trigger input allows automatic inspections and ultrasonic imaging. The clock signal of an encoder or of stepper motors can be used as a trigger for the pulser. An internal software controlled divider allows different scan resolutions. 

The software US-SCAN 3.0 (IBT GmbH, Ober-Ramstadt, Germany) provides all functions of a portable flaw detector and a powerful ultrasonic imaging in A-, B-, C- and D-scans. Not only motor driven scanners can he used, but also manual scanning systems with encoders. Further documentation and test reports can be carried out with Windows software. 

The HILL-SCAN 30XX boards can be used in different PCs. Desktop- and tower-PCs as well suited for laboratory uses. For in-field inspections rugged notebooks and portable PCs are advantageous. A typical portable system is shown in Fig. 2 (USPC 3010), used in MUSE (Mobile Ultrasonic Equipment). This portable PC not only contains the boards for ultrasonic testing but also a controller with power supply for stepper motors, so that a manipulator can be connected directly. The MUSE system is enlarged with a water circulation system which enables a local immersion technique" for in-field inspections. A typical result is shown in Fig. 3, which presents a D-scan of a CFRP- component in RTM-techniques. The defect area caused by an impact is clearly indicated. The manipulator is described in [3]. 

In addition to the controlling computer the system contains only a small control unit - PSP-4 (weight approx. 5 kg.) which among other system components includes a motor control system integrated closely with the PS-4 ultrasonic system. For communication between the PSP-4 control unit and the robot as well as robot power supply is used a single cable less than 10 mm. in diameter. 

Installation for Ultrasonic Testing AKV-S is designed for testing of diesel motors pistons. Particularly, this device identifies the areas with cracks and lowered adhesion on interfacial boundary between niresist ring and base material. 

Rocket propellants must not contain sizable cracks, pores, or cavities. They are inspected using x-rays and ultrasonics, and firings are conducted in strand burners, intermpted burners, and in reduced or full-scale rocket motors (see also Nondestructive evaluation) (16—20). 

Small ultrasonic motors such as the rotary actuator shown in Figure 10 have also been made and can be used for automobile windows, seats, and windshield wipers. Many small industrial motors could make use of the high torque, low speed, and precise stepping character of these actuators. 

A flask with a septum-capped side tube was attached by rubber vacuum tubing via a U-trap to a vacuum line. The flask was charged with 3,4-dichlorodecafluoro-i m/i-tricyclo[4.2.0.02-5]octane (1.74 g, 4.87 mmol), activated Zn dust (1.05 g, 16.1 mmol), and DMSO (30 mL). The mixture was subjected to 2 freeze-pump-thaw cycles, then the flask was attached to a rocking motor and immersed in an ultrasonic bath. The U-trap was cooled in liquid N2. and the pressure in the system was maintained at ca. 20 Torr while the flask was rocked and subjected to sonication. Dechlorination began immediately and was finished in 20-30 min collection of the product in the U-trap was complete after 2.5 h yield 0.79 g (57%). 

Physical Methods Physical methods include mechanical disruption by milling, homogenization, or ultrasonication. Typical high-speed bead mills are composed of a grinding chamber filled with glass or steel beads which are agitated with disks or impellers mounted on a motor-driven shaft. The efficiency of cell disruption in a bead mill depends on the concentration of the cells, the amount and size of beads, and the type and rotation speed of the agitator. The optimum wet solid content for the cell suspension for a bead mill is typically somewhere between 30 percent to 60 percent by volume. The amount of beads in the chamber is 70 percent to 90 percent by... 

Uchino, K. (1997) Piezoelectric Actuators and Ultrasonic Motors, Kluwer Academic Publishers, London. 

The metered solution inhaler (MSI), under development by Sheffield Pharmaceuticals, uses the same aerosolization principle as the AeroDose. The MSI is a portable, hand-held drug delivery device, as shown in Fig. 13. Using a motorized pump, drug solution is delivered to the surface of a ultrasonic horn powered... 

Uchino K (1996) Piezoelectric actuators and ultrasonic motors. Kluver Academic, Boston... 

Atsumi, T. (2001). An ultrasonic motor model for bacterial flagellar motors. ]. Theor. Biol. 213, 31-51. 

Developments in web tension control systems are providing increased capability and function to eliminate problems (Fig. 3-34). They include ultrasonic roll diameter sensors, pneumatic pressure gauge tension monitors, capston-Mt. Hope tension systems, and so on. As an example, replacement of a web-tensioning system s conventional electromechanical drive with an ordinary ac motor enables processors to lower system cost and improve web consistency, as has been done for many years. A vector control system uses a belt and pulley arrangement to remotely couple an encoder to the shaft of the ac induction motor. This approach provides closed-loop feedback, without requiring that one modify the relatively inexpensive motor by installing a special feedback device on it. 

With the development of motor driven scanning frames and recording equipment, do you forsee a time when the man at the work-face (e.g. inside the bellows) will not be a qualified ultrasonic operator ... 

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