Motility disorders, gastrointestinal

Upper gastrointestinal tumors Esophageal motility disorder... 

Valdovinos MA, Camilleri M, Thomforde GM, Frie C Reduced accuracy of 14C- >-xylose breath test for detection of bacterial overgrowth in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993 28 963-968. 

Husebye E Gastrointestinal motility disorders and bacterial overgrowth. J Intern Med 1995 237 419-427. 

Anuras S Motility Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract. New York, Raven Press, 1992. 

Malagelada JR, Camilleri M, Stanghellini V Manometric Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders. New York, Thieme, 1986. 

Bharucha AE, Camilleri M, Low PA, Zins-meister AR Autonomic dysfunction in gastrointestinal motility disorders. Gut 1993 34 397-401. 

Moody FG, Weisbrodt NW Post-surgical motility disorders in Kumar D, Wingate D (eds) An Illustrated Guide to Gastrointestinal Motility. Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone, 1993, pp 673-690. 

In the periphery, 5-HT4 receptor mRNA is found in vascular smooth muscle. Newly developed drugs that activate 5-HT4 receptors are of interest for their potential in treating cardiac arrhythmia. The 5-HT4 receptor is also located on neurons of the alimentary tract, for example the myenteric plexus of the ileum, and on smooth muscle cells and secretory cells of the gastrointestinal tract, where they evoke secretions and the peristaltic reflex. 5-HT4 receptor agonists (e.g. cisapride, prucalopride, tegaserod) are used therapeutically in the treatment of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and in functional motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract. 

Gastrointestinal tract. Serotonin released from myenteric neurons or enterochromaffin cells acts on 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors to enhance bowel motility and enteral fluid secretion Cisapride is a proldnetic agent that promotes propulsive motor activity in the stomach and in small and large intestines. It is used in motility disorders. Its mechanism of action is unclear, but stimulation of 5HT4 receptors may be important... 

Baron, T.H., Ramirez, B. and Richter, J.E. (1993) Gastrointestinal motility disorders during pregnancy. Annals of Internal Medicine, 118, 366—375. 

In vivo, 5-HT4 agonists are clearly prokinetic [44,133] and display a wide range of therapeutic applications in gastrointestinal motility disorders. ether or not their therapeutic actions are entirely mediated by 5-HT4-RS is not clear. In isolated human stomach, renzapride has been shown to potentiate electrically-evoked contractions [84]. This effect was antagonized by mM concentrations of tropisetron, suggesting that 5-HT4-RS are involved [85]. 5-HT4-RS are also present in human small intestinal mucosa [86] where the non neuronal electrogenic secretory effect of 5-HT appears to be mediated by 5-HT4-RS. 

Benzamides are already used as therapeutic prokinetic agents. They are of benefit in many gastrointestinal motility disorders, such as gastroesophageal reflux, non-ulcer dyspepsia gastroparesis and constipation [110, 111]. 

Scott RB. 2000. Motility disorders. In Walker WA, Durie PR, Hamilton JR, Walker-Smith JA, Watkins JB, eds. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease. 3rd ed. Hamilton, Ont BC Decker. Pp. 103-115. 

ULISES 008. In these trials ulimorelin at doses of 160 and 480 ig kg was not statistically different from placebo for the primary endpoint, the time to recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function. A different analog (TZP-102, structure undisclosed) for oral use was being developed for diabetic gastroparesis and other chronic GI motility disorders but recently failed to meet efficacy endpoints in a Phase Ilb clinical trial,hence confirming the previous results obtained with 50. Neither the 10 mg kg nor the 20 mg kg dose reached statistical significance versus placebo. 

Cholecystokinin CCKa (CCKj) Human cDNA Anorexia, gastrointestinal disorders, pancreatitis, satiety, diabetes, obesity, nociception, schizophrenia, Parkinson s disease, addiction, cancer Pancreatic enzyme secretion, potentiation of opiate analgesia, gallbladder contraction, gut motility, growth promoting effects on some tumors, dopamine release... 

The depressant effect of EOs on smooth muscle in the small intestine is consistent with the therapeutic uses of these aromatic plants as gastrointestinal anti-spasmodics and carminatives [224]. In vitro studies showed that EOs produced the inhibition of gastric motility, and are thus the basis of the treatment of some gastrointestinal disorders [225, 226]. 

Spiller R Recent advances in understanding the role of serotonin in gastrointestinal motility in functional bowel disorders Alterations in 5-HT signaling and metabolism in human disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007 19(Suppl 2) 25. 

Pathophysiologically, constipation generally results from disordered colonic transit or anorectal function as a result of a primary motility disturbance, certain drugs, or in association with a large number of systemic diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Constipation from any cause may be exacerbated by chronic illnesses that lead to physical or mental impairment and result in inactivity or physical immobility. Additional contributing factors may include a lack of fiber in the diet, generalized muscle weakness, and possibly stress and anxiety. 

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