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Mosquitoes, insecticidal resistance

The development of strains resistant to insecticides is an extremely widespread phenomenon that is known to have occurred in more than 200 species of insects and mites, and resistance of up to several 100-fold has been noted. The different biochemical and genetic factors involved have been studied extensively and well characterized. Relatively few vertebrate species are known to have developed pesticide resistance and the level of resistance in vertebrates is low compared to that often found in insects. Susceptible and resistant strains of pine voles exhibit a 7.4-fold difference in endrin toxicity. Similarly pine mice of a strain resistant to endrin were reported to be 12-fold more tolerant than a susceptible strain. Other examples include the occurrence of organochlorine insecticide-resistant and susceptible strains of mosquito fish, and resistance to Belladonna in certain rabbit strains. [Pg.182]

Carboxylesterases are involved in resistance to ester-containing insecticides such as organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides. Resistance to organophosphate insecticides caused by enhanced carboxylesterase activity has been demonstrated in numerous insects and mites, including the mosquito (Cidex tarsalis, Culex pipiens, and... [Pg.212]

M., and Georghiou, G.P, Amplication of an esterase gene is responsible for insecticide resistance in a California Culex mosquito, Science, 233, 778,1986. [Pg.228]

Figure 5. Relative electrophoretic mobility of esterases involved in organophosphate insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes. Figure 5. Relative electrophoretic mobility of esterases involved in organophosphate insecticide resistance in Culex mosquitoes.
The genetic basis of insecticide resistance is not well understood. Many genes for resistance traits have been mapped to chromosomes of the house fly, Musca domestica (3.4). Drosophila melanogaster (78), and mosquitoes, Aedes aeqypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (5.6). In some cases, the expression of the biochemical... [Pg.61]

Hydrolases. Hydrolytic mechanisms are also important in insecticide resistance, despite the apparent low activities in resistant insects when compared to mammalian enzymes (Table III). Some strains of resistant mosquitoes (22), Tribolium beetles (24), and Indianmeal moth (22) have specific resistance for malathion and similar carboxylester insecticides. This is due to increased catalytic hydrolysis, possibly through production of a more efficient enzyme (25.26). Californian tobacco budworms with low level permethrin resistance exhibited twice the normal activity of trans-permethrin carboxylester hydrolase (27). [Pg.66]

Weill, M., G. Lutfalla, K. Mogensen, F. Chandre, A. Berthomieu, C. Berticat, N. Pasteur, A. Philips, P. Fort, and M. Raymond. 2003. Comparative genomics Insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Nature 423 136-7. [Pg.319]

A variety of factors have contributed to the resurgence of malaria, and continue to foster the disease (47). These include socioeconomic and political problems, as well as inadequacies in public health care. Two principal causes of malarial resurgence were (i) the emergence of insecticide-resistant strains of the anopheline mosquitos which are the vectors for transmission of the disease, and (ii) drug-resistant strains of the parasite responsible for the pathology of the most lethal form of the disease, Plasmodium falciparum. Due to the latter, P. falciparum strains which are resistant to the antimalarial effect of chloroquine are spread throughout most of the areas where the disease is endemic, and resistance to more recently introduced antimalarial... [Pg.520]

Hemingway. J Hawkes, N, J McCarroll. L and Ranson, H. (2004). The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Imect. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34, 653-665. [Pg.185]

David JP, Ismail HM, Chandor-Proust A, Paine MJI (2013) Role of cytochrome P450s in insecticide resistance impact on the control of mosquito-borne diseases and use of insecticides on Earth. Philos Trans Royal Soc B-Biol Sci 368 20120429... [Pg.447]

Liu N, Li T, Reid WR, Yang T, Zhang L (2011) Multiple cytochrome P450 genes their constitutive overexpression ad permethrin induction in insecticide resistant mosquitoes, Culex quinquefasciatus. PLoS One 6 e23403... [Pg.447]

CK Kikankie, BD Brooke, BGJ Knols, LL Koekemoer, M Farenhorst, RH Hunts, MB Thomas, and M Coetzee. The infectivity of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana to insecticide-resistant and susceptible Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes at two different temperatures. Malar. 7. 9 71,2010. [Pg.326]

R N Guessan, M Rowland, T-L Moumouni, NB Kesse, and P Camevale. Evaluation of synthetic repellents on mosquito nets in experimental huts against insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinqu asciatus mosquitoes. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 100 1091—1097, 2006. [Pg.328]

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.24 , Pg.25 ]



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