Mosquito fish Gambusia

Hughes, J.M., D.A. Harrison, and J.M. Arthur. 1991. Genetic variation at the Pgj locus in the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Poecilidae) and a possible effect on susceptibility to an insecticide. Biol. Jour. Linnean Soc. 44 153-167. 

Batel, R., N. Bihari, B. Kurelec, and R.K. Zahn. 1985. DNA damage by benzo[a]pyrene in the liver of mosquito fish Gambusia affinis. Sci. Total Environ. 41 275-283. 

Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-azepine-l-carbothioate) has been widely used for broadleaf and grass weed control in rice culture. The 96-hour LC50 of technical molinate in the common goldfish is 30 ppm (1) and the medium tolerance limits (LTm) for molinate in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) are 16.4 ppm for 96 hours (J2). Kawatsu (3) estimated the 20-day lethal concentration of molinate in Japanese carp (Cyprinus carpio) var. Yamato koi at 0.18 ppm. However, there was no toxic effect of molinate on American carp at concentrations of 10 ppm during a two-week observation (40. ... 

In a model aquatic ecosystem, methoxychlor degraded to ethanol, dihydroxy ethane, dihy-droxyethylene, and unidentified polar metabolites (Metcalf et al, 1971). Kapoor et al. (1970) also studied the biodegradation of methoxychlor in a model ecosystem containing snails, plankton, mosquito larvae, Daphnia magna, and mosquito fish Gambusia affinis). The following metabolites were identified 2-(/5-methoxyphenyl)-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-l,l,l-trichloroethane, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1 -trichloroethane, 2,2-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl) -1,1,1 -trichloroethylene,... 

EC50 (growth reduction) for mosquito fish Gambusia affini 37 nmol/L (Chaisuksant et al., 1998). 

LC50 (96-h) for bluegill sunfish 250 jg/L (Spehar et al., 1982), mosquito fish Gambusia affini 0.80 pmol/L (Chaisuksant et al., 1998) for Poecilia reticulata 135 pg/L (van Hoogen and Opperhuizen, 1988), Gyprinodon variegatus 800 ppb using natural seawater (Heitmuller et al, 1981). 

Odors can have delayed and unexpected effects. Garter snakes, T. sirtalis, were presented with either live earthworm or mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis, in a screen-covered bowl for several days. One day after transferring the snakes individually to a box free of prey odors, they were tested with aqueous extracts of fish and worms on cotton swabs. Snakes exposed to fish odor attacked fish extract less, and those exposed to worm attacked worm odor less. This is interpreted as habituation with a possible switch to other prey. This also demonstrates that in any experiment with chemical cues an odor not experienced for 22 hours may still have an effect (Burghardt, 1992). 

Klerks, P.L., and Lentz, S.A. (1998) Resistance to lead and zinc in the western mosquito fish Gambusia affinis inhabiting contaminated Bayou Trepagnier. Ecotoxicology 7, 11-17. 

In order to reduce the abundance of malarial mosquitoes in the swampy regions of Colchis, intentional introduction of the mosquito fish Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) was made. The mosquito fish was brought from freshwater regions of Italy in 1925 [57] and was successfully introduced into the wetlands of the Black Sea. The mosquito fish dwells in brackish estuaries meanwhile, it behaved as an euryhaline species and expanded over the Azov-Black Sea basin. At present, it occurs in a wide salinity range from 0 to 15-17%o. 

Boyd, C.E. and Ferguson, D.E. (1964) Spectrum of cross-resistance to insecticides in the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. Mosquito News, 24, 19-21. 

Willis, J. N., and N. Y. Jones. 1977. The use of uniform labeling with zinc-65 to measure stable zinc turnover in the mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis. I. Retention. Health Phys. 32(5) 381-387. 

Batty, J. and Lim, R. (1999) Morphological and reproductive characteristics of male mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis holbrooki) inhabitating sewage-contaminated waters in New South Wales, Australia. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 36,301-307. 

Mosquito fish Gambusia affinis Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus... 

Sarcophyton glaucum Lemnalia sp. and Sinularia sp. - Aqueous extracts m Rejected all low concentration by mosquito fish Gambusia affinis [86]... 

Lemnalia and Sarcophyton - Aqueous extract High toxicity against the mosquito fish Gambusia affinis [89]... 

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