Carp American

Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-azepine-l-carbothioate) has been widely used for broadleaf and grass weed control in rice culture. The 96-hour LC50 of technical molinate in the common goldfish is 30 ppm (1) and the medium tolerance limits (LTm) for molinate in mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) are 16.4 ppm for 96 hours (J2). Kawatsu (3) estimated the 20-day lethal concentration of molinate in Japanese carp (Cyprinus carpio) var. Yamato koi at 0.18 ppm. However, there was no toxic effect of molinate on American carp at concentrations of 10 ppm during a two-week observation (40. ... 

Consumption of food is expected to be the major route of exposure in humans (Lindstrom 1999). Consumption of fish has been associated with elevated levels of PBDEs in tissues from the Swedish population (Bergman et al. 1999). In Sweden, fish consuirption is about 30 g/day this translates to an estimated 0.1 g of PeBDE and 0.3 g of total PBDEs from fish that is ingested by humans daily (WHO 1994a). The fish of greatest concern to humans are bottom feeders like carp and catfish. Like PCBs, there may be a higher risk of exposure to PBDEs in Native Americans that reside in the Arctic region who consume whale and seal blubber (Jaret2000). 

In addition to the various native members of the minnow family, several species have been introduced to North America. The most familiar introduced species is the common carp Cyprinus carpio). This fish is commonly cultivated as food in Europe and Asia, and it was released to many North American lakes in the hope of establishing a food resource that many immigrants would like to eat. Unfortunately, the common carp has caused some important ecological damage in many of the waterbodies where it has become established, resulting in the displacement of native species of fish and other animals and damage to aquatic vegetation. 

Fish viscera (Atlantic cod, carp, harp seals, American smelt, sardine, capelin, salmon, mackerel, orange roughy, palometa, tuna)... 

Mattice, J.C., S.C. Tsai, M.B. Burch, and J.J. Beauchamp. 1981. Toxicity of trihalomethanes to common carp embryos. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 110 261-269. 

MHCHELL, A. DARWisH, A. (2009) Efficacy of 6-, 12-, and 24-h praziquantel bath treatments against Asian tapeworms Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in grass carp. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 71 (1), 30-34. 

---