Mortar sands

Bau-pappe,/. building (paper) board, -riss, m. bmlding plan, -sand, m. building sand, mortar sand. 

Turner (1995) lists and reviews most of the published work on SC modeling of actinide cation adsorption. Further SC-modeling references include Np(V) adsorption by a-FeOOH and Fe304 (Fujita et al. 1995) Pu(IV) and Am(IlI) adsorption by HFO, CaSi concrete, mortar, sand/bentonite, tuff, and sandstone (Baston et al. 1995a) and U(IV), U(VI), Tc(IV), and Tc(VII) adsorption by bentonite and tuff, silica, alumina, and goethite (Baston et al. 1995b). 

While considerable work was conducted by Southwest Research Institute (2, 3) to develop sulfur-aggregate mixtures, tests were also conducted on the effects on compressive strength of adding sand to sulfur to determine its utility as a mortar material. Two mortar sands of different particle size distributions were used with the sulfur to produce 1-in. cube compression test specimens. Particle size distributions are presented in Table I. 

Table I. Particle Size Distribution of Mortar Sands...

The sand should preferably be of a rounded shape and should have a suitable particle size distribution (typically less than 4 mm and with a limited amount of fines) which gives 30 to 40 % of voids. The characteristics of the sand can markedly affect both the soft and hard properties of the mortar. Sands suitable for building are designated in the UK as either Type S (BS 1199), or Type G (BS 1200) [26.31]. As the specified sands have a voidage in the above range, it is standard practice to design mortars with three volumes of sand to one volume of binder plus void-filling material. 

Mortars (sand and cement mixed in a proportion of 3 1) were used to develop tests to evaluate the compressive and flexural strength of the cements formed with red gypsum. These... 

In fact the static systems needed to raise man-made mountains with deeply embedded artificial caves was worked out across only three generations. The archaeological record includes, however, enough failures to show that structural experimentation was continuous and diverse. The large number of unfinished projects, some with brick cores, mortar, sand fills, corner dovetails and other innovations, and a succession of mistakes and failures littering the desert reflect the frantic pursuit of refinement and economy as the kingdoms came under pressure in their respective declines. 

The quality of the mortar for the masonry walls were also not well controlled, and the proportions of the mortar mixes were also not known and were left at the discretion of the foreman and the construction workers. In some places, the quality of mortar sand was good (the mud content is low), but in most cases the mud content was a bit high. 

Place 50 g. of o-chloronitrobenzene and 75 g. of clean dry sand in a 250 ml. flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer. Heat the mixture in an oil or fusible metal bath to 215-225° and add, during 40 minutes, 50 g. of copper bronze or, better, of activated copper bronze (Section 11,50, 4) (1), Maintain the temperature at 215-225° for a further 90 minutes and stir continuously. Pour the hot mixture into a Pyrex beaker containing 125 g. of sand and stir until small lumps are formed if the reaction mixture is allowed to cool in the flask, it will set to a hard mass, which can only be removed by breaking the flask. Break up the small lumps by powdering in a mortar, and boil them for 10 minutes with two 400 ml. 

Mix intimately in a mortar 100 g. of sodium laevulinate, 250 g. of phosphorus sulphide (1) and 50 g. of clean dry sand. Place the mixture in a flask fitted with a condenser for distillation and a receiver (2). Heat the flask with a free flame until the reaction commences, and then remove the flame. When the reaction subsides, continue the heating until distillation ceases. Wash the distillate with 10 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution to remove acidic by-products and steam distil. Separate the crude 2-methyltliiophene from the steam distillate, dry over anhydrous calcium sulphate, and distil from a little sodium. Collect the pure compound at 113° the yield is 30 g. 

Mixed with sand it hardens as mortar and plaster by taking up carbon dioxide from the air. Calcium from limestone is an important element in Portland cement. 

Any of these mortars can be used for unit masonry or for stucco (exterior plaster). The finish coat in conventional interior plastering is composed of either neat time putty or a sanded putty, gauged with Keene s cement or gypsum-gauging plaster. The former is called a whitecoat finish the latter a sandfloat finish. 

Morta.r, Mortar, principally slaked lime and sand, sets because of the evaporation of water, the deposition of calcium hydroxide, and the absorption of water by the bricks or cement blocks, foUowed by hardening as a result of the absorption and reaction of carbon dioxide. 

Hydraulic limes (84) may be used for mortar, stucco, or the scratch coat for plaster. They harden slowly under water, whereas high calcium limes, after slaking with water, harden in air to form the carbonate but not under water at ordinary temperatures. However, at elevated temperatures achieved with steam curing, lime—silica sand mixtures do react to produce durable products such as sand—lime bricks. 

Granat-ton, m. garnet shade, -trichter, m. shell hole, shell crater, -werfer, m. trench mortar, -werfergeachoss, n. mortar shell, -wurzelrinde, /. pomegranate root bark. Grand, m. coarse sand or fine gravel Brewing) underback. 

Polymer-modified cementitious floor toppings are now widely used instead of separately laid granolithic toppings. The polymers used are normally supplied as milky white dispersions in water and are used to gauge a carefully selected sand/aggregate/cement mix as a whole or partial replacement of the gauging mortar. They must always be mixed in a forced-action mixer. 

Mortars of this system are prepared by blending ignited magnesium oxide, ADP and STPP with a filler, normally quartz sand. On mixing with water a cementitious mass is formed. The reaction has been studied by a number of workers Kato et al. (1976), Takeda et al. (1979), Neiman ... 

Abdelrazig, Sharp El-Jazairi (1988, 1989) prepared a series of mortars based on a powder blend of MgO and ADP with a quartz sand filler. They were hydrated by mixing with water. A mortar I (MgO ADP silica water = 17T 12-9 70-0 12-5), with a water/solid ratio of 1 8, formed a workable paste which set in 7 minutes with evolution of ammonia. The main hydration product, struvite, was formed in appreciable amounts within 5 minutes and continued to increase. Schertelite also appeared, but only in minor amounts, within the first 5 minutes and persisted only during the first hour of the reaction. Dittmarite appeared in minor amounts after 15 minutes, and persisted. 

Mortars are cements used for bonding together masonry units, such as stones or bricks. When a cement is used to conceal masonry, as a more or less smooth covering on walls, for example, it is referred to as plaster. A very fine plaster, known as stucco, is made of very thin sand or finely comminuted marble. Freshly prepared plasters and stuccos are spread on consolidated masonry to form more or less uniform and smooth layers stucco also provides a smooth and often flat outer coating. 

Building mud, a composite material, is easily prepared by mixing clay or clayey soil with fibrous matter, such as straw or dung of herbivorous animals, and sufficient water to obtain a plastic, pliable mass. In ancient Egypt, for example, mud was made by mixing clayey soil with sand, chopped straw, and sufficient water so as to make the mixture pliable and suitable either for use as mortar or stucco or for making bricks. 

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