Morphine sulfate controlled-release

Generic Names morphine sulfate controlled-release tablet morphine sulfate extended-release... 

Senel S, Capan Y, Sargon MF, Ikinci G, Solpan D, Giiven O, Bodde HE, Hincal AA (1997) Enhancement of transbuccal permeation of morphine sulfate by sodium glycodeoxycholate in vitro. J Control Release 45 153-162... 

OFFICIAL NAMES Morphine sulfate or morphine hydrochloride (solutions for injection), Duramorph (for spinal use), MS Contin and Oramorph SR (long-acting, controlled release oral form), Kadian (oral, sustained release), MSIR (instant release), Roxanol (liquid concentrate)... 

Stauffer J, Setnik B, Sokolowska M, Romach M, Johnson F, Sellers E. Subjective effects and safety of whole and tampered morphine sulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride (ALO-01) extended-release capsules versus morphine solution and placebo in experienced non-dependent opioid users a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Clin Drug Invest 2009 29(12) 777-90. 

Controlled-release oral formulation of morphine sulfate is indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time. These formulations are not intended for use as a PRN analgesic. 

Surgical acute pain the only indication for postoperative use of the controlled-release oral formulation of morphine sulfate is if the patient is already receiving the drug prior to surgery or if the postoperative pain is expected to be moderate to severe and persist for an extended period of time. 

Chronic non-malignancy pain controlled-release oral formulation of morphine sulfate could be administered in a more convenient schedule than immediate-release oral morphine products, and significantly improves pain control at a lower daily opioid dose, with less rescue doses for breakthrough pain. 

Cancer pain controlled-release oral formulation of morphine sulfate is a well-recognized oral agent for the treatment of cancer pain. 

Ease of use, tolerability controlled-release oral formulations of morphine sulfate provide significant pain relief, ensure uniform blood concentrations, offer less frequent dosing, fewer adverse side effects, and flexible titration with different dosing strengths. 

Dosages and routes of administration Morphine is available in different salt forms but the hydrochloride and sulfate (Vermeire and Remon, 1999) are used preferentially. The compound can be administered by the oral, parenteral or intraspinal route. Oral application is preferred for chronic pain treatment and various slow release forms have been developed to reduce the administration frequency to 2-3 times per day (Bourke et al., 2000). Parenteral morphine is used in intravenous or intramuscular doses of 10 mg, mostly for postoperative pain and self-administration devices are available for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Morphine is additionally used for intraspinal (epidural or intrathecal) administration. Morphine is absorbed reasonably well in the lower gastrointestinal tract and can be given as suppositories. 

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