Frequency of administration

FIGURE 8.25 Repeated oral administration of drags leads to steady-state plasma concentrations. If elimination is rapid and administration not often enough, then an elevated and therapeutically effective steady-state concentration may not be achieved (green lines). In contrast, if elimination is very slow (or administration too often), then an accumulation of the drag may be observed with no constant steady state (red line). Bine line shows a correct balance between frequency of administration and elimination. 

Generally, inhaled glucocorticoids have few side effects, the appearance of which depends on the dose, the frequency of administration, and the delivery system used. The most common side effect is dysphonia (hoarseness), which affects approximately one third of treated patients. Oropharyngeal candidiasis (thrush)... 

Reviews the reason for the drug and the prescribed drug regimen, including drug name, correct dose, and frequency of administration. 

Reviews the drug therapy regimen, including the prescribed drugs, doses, and frequency of administration. 

Explains the reason for drug therapy, including the type of antidepressant prescribed, drug name, dosage, and frequency of administration. 

Given KK s presentation and history, create an appropriate VTE prophylaxis plan including the pharmacologic agent, dose, route and frequency of administration, duration of therapy, monitoring parameters, and patient education. 

Design an appropriate treatment plan for KK. Your plan should include acute and chronic therapy—specify the drug(s), dose(s), route, frequency of administration, and duration of each therapy, as well monitoring parameters, patient education, and follow-up plan. 

Once remission is achieved, evaluate the patient s drug regimen to determine if dose reductions or changes in frequency of administration are required. Reinforce the need for adherence to drug therapy in order to maximize effectiveness. 

Dosing and Administration Dose, frequency, and route of administration differ between the beta interferon products (see Table 26-3). 0 Dose-response curves have been observed with the beta interferons. However, it is not known if the total weekly dose or the frequency of administration is most important.37... 

The demonstration of genotoxic activity in a pharmaceutical molecule may not necessarily translate into discontinuation of development and ultimate licensing of the product to be marketed. A survey of the Physicians Desk Reference reveals many examples of pharmaceutical products that have been shown to elicit genotoxic activity in one or more gene-tox assays.41 This observation indicates that other factors (such as risk, benefit, seriousness of ailment, target patient population, dosage, and frequency of administration, among others) are taken into consideration. 

The next step of therapy is dependent on the clinical response of the patient. If severe symptoms have abated, reduce frequency of administration and dose. 

Initial dosage The recommended starting dosage is 25 mg, given orally 3 times/day at the start (with the first bite) of each main meal. However, some patients may benefit by starting at 25 mg once daily to minimize Gl adverse effects and gradually increasing the frequency of administration to 3 times/day. 

Adults - Digitalization may be accomplished by either of 2 general approaches that vary in dosage and frequency of administration but reach the same endpoint in terms of total amount of digoxin accumulated in the body. 

Adjust dosage and frequency of administration according to the severity of the symptoms and the response of the patient. The duration of activity following IM administration may last up to 12 hours. Subsequent doses may be given by the same route if necessary. 

When ropinirole is administered as adjunct therapy to levodopa, the concurrent dose of levodopa may be decreased gradually as tolerated. Discontinue ropinirole gradually over a 7-day period. Decrease the frequency of administration from 3 times/day to twice/day for 4 days. For the remaining 3 days, decrease the frequency to once/day prior to complete withdrawal of ropinirole. 

When less levodopa is required, reduce the total daily dosage of carbidopa/levodopa by decreasing the strength of carbidopa, levodopa, and entacapone combination at each administration or by decreasing the frequency of administration by extending the time between doses. 

Dosage, systemic toxicity Do not exceed the recommended dosages and frequencies of administration. Risks resulting from administration at higher dosages are not known. 

Toxic effects Toxic effects, potentially serious, may be related in frequency and severity to dose or frequency of administration, but have been seen at all doses. These effects can occur at any time during therapy follow patients closely. Most adverse reactions are reversible if detected early. When reactions occur, reduce dosage or discontinue drug and take appropriate corrective measures this could include use of leucovorin calcium. Use caution if therapy is reinstituted. 

Dosage/Frequency Do not exceed the recommended dosage or frequency of administration. 

Each dosage level, expressed in milligrams per kilogram of body or test system weight or other appropriate units, of the test, control, or reference substance to be administered and the method and frequency of administration. 

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